物理化学学报 >> 2021, Vol. 37 >> Issue (4): 2007090.doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202007090

所属专题: 金属卤化物钙钛矿光电材料和器件

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锡钙钛矿太阳能电池的进展与展望

臧子豪, 李晗升, 姜显园, 宁志军()   

  • 收稿日期:2020-07-30 录用日期:2020-08-26 发布日期:2020-09-03
  • 通讯作者: 宁志军 E-mail:ningzhj@shanghaitech.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:宁志军,上海科技大学物质科学与技术学院课题组长,博士生导师。目前主要研究方向:光电材料的设计与合成;光电材料的界表面化学研究以及纳米结构精确构筑;光电器件的结构设计和制备
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2016YFA0204000);上海科技大学启动资金;青年千人计划;国家自然科学基金(61935016)

Progress and Perspective of Tin Perovskite Solar Cells

Zihao Zang, Hansheng Li, Xianyuan Jiang, Zhijun Ning()   

  • Received:2020-07-30 Accepted:2020-08-26 Published:2020-09-03
  • Contact: Zhijun Ning E-mail:ningzhj@shanghaitech.edu.cn
  • About author:Zhijun Ning, Email: ningzhj@shanghaitech.edu.cn. Tel.: +86-20685083
  • Supported by:
    the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFA0204000);the ShanghaiTech Start-up Funding;the 1000 Young Talent Program;the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61935016)

摘要:

金属卤素钙钛矿是目前最有前景的高效低成本新型太阳能电池材料,但是目前还存在环境友好性和理论效率极限较低的问题。锡钙钛矿环境友好,而且其带隙更窄理论转换效率更高,吸引了广泛的关注。锡钙钛矿太阳能电池(TPSC)近年来发展迅速,是目前效率最高的无铅钙钛矿太阳能电池。本文先介绍了锡钙钛矿的晶体结构、能带结构和光电性质,然后总结了最近在锡钙钛矿领域有代表性的工作和提高光电转化效率的策略,最后讨论了锡钙钛矿发展面临的挑战和未来的发展方向。

关键词: 锡钙钛矿, 太阳能电池, 光电材料, 光电器件

Abstract:

Since organic-inorganic halide perovskites were first used in the field of solar cells in 2009, they have emerged as the most promising high-efficiency and low-cost next-generation solar cells. However, even though conventional lead perovskite halide perovskite solar cells have achieved a record efficiency of 25.2%, there is scope for improvement in terms of the detrimental properties of their constituent heavy metals. In addition, their theoretic efficiencies are limited by the large bandgap. Tin perovskite has received considerable attention in recent years, due to its heavy-metal-free character and superior semiconductor properties, such as a suitable bandgap and a high carrier mobility. In order to fabricate tin perovskite solar cells (TPSCs) of high-efficiency, the major obstacles have to be overcome, including fast crystallization of tin perovskites, high p-type carrier concentration, and high defect density. Even if Sn2+ has similar electronic configuration as Pb2+, Sn2+ has two more active electrons, which render tin perovskite less stable. To deal with these problems many strategies are developed. Lewis bases, such as dimethyl sulfoxide, are widely used to slow down the crystallization rate of tin perovskite, while oxide protective layer and plentiful additives (e.g., SnF2, liquid formic acid, and hydrazine vapor) have been found to reduce their oxidation. Furthermore, low-dimension structure and device engineering have been verified effectively promote TPSCs performance. Owing to the aforementioned strategies, the efficiency and stabilities of TPSCs were improving rapidly over the past few years, which indicates that TPSCs are the most promising candidate of lead-free perovskite solar cells. Recently, the certified efficiency of TPSCs reached over 12%, which is the maximum value for lead-free perovskite solar cells. Herein, we discuss the crystal and band structures, as well as the optoelectronic properties of tin perovskites. Furthermore, recent representative studies on tin perovskite are introduced, along with the strategies employed to improve the conversion efficiency, including the achievements based on component modification, dimension control, crystallization engineering and device structure design. Finally, we highlight the challenges presented by tin perovskites and the possible paths to improve device performance.

Key words: Tin perovskite, Solar cell, Optoelectronic material, Optoelectronic device