离子液体界面修饰的高效稳定FAPbI3钙钛矿太阳能电池

doi:10.3866/PKU.WHXB202303057

物理化学学报 >> 2024, Vol. 40 >> Issue (6): 2303057.doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202303057

离子液体界面修饰的高效稳定FAPbI₃钙钛矿太阳能电池

AhmedYameen¹^,⁵^,†, 封想想¹^,†, 高远基¹, 丁洋¹, 龙操玉¹, HaiderMustafa¹, 李恒月¹^,*, 李专², 黄誓成³^,⁴, SaidaminovMakhsud I.⁵^,⁶, 阳军亮¹^,²^,*

¹ 中南大学物理与电子学院, 超微结构与超快过程湖南省重点实验室, 长沙 410083
² 中南大学粉末冶金国家重点实验室, 长沙 410083
³ 广西晶联光电材料有限公司, 广西柳州 545036
⁴ 中南大学材料科学与工程学院, 长沙 410083
⁵ Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
⁶ Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada

收稿日期:2023-03-31 修回日期:2023-05-23 录用日期:2023-05-24 发布日期:2023-11-29
通讯作者: Email: hengyueli@csu.edu.cn; Tel.: +86-731-88660256 (李恒月)junliang.yang@csu.edu.cn (阳军亮)
作者简介:
^†These authors contributed equally to this work.
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2022YFB3803300); 国家自然科学基金(51673214); 国家自然科学基金(52203250); 中南大学高性能计算中心及中南大学粉末冶金国家重点实验室

Interface Modification by Ionic Liquid for Efficient and Stable FAPbI₃ Perovskite Solar Cells

Yameen Ahmed¹^,⁵, Xiangxiang Feng¹, Yuanji Gao¹, Yang Ding¹, Caoyu Long¹, Mustafa Haider¹, Hengyue Li¹^,*, Zhuan Li², Shicheng Huang³^,⁴, Makhsud I. Saidaminov⁵^,⁶, Junliang Yang¹^,²^,*

¹ Hunan Key Laboratory for Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
² State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
³ Guangxi Crystal Union Photoelectric Materials Co., Ltd., Liuzhou 545036, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
⁴ School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
⁵ Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
⁶ Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada

Received:2023-03-31 Revised:2023-05-23 Accepted:2023-05-24 Published:2023-11-29
Contact: Email: hengyueli@csu.edu.cn; Tel.: +86-731-88660256 (Hengyue Li)junliang.yang@csu.edu.cn (Junliang Yang)
Supported by:
the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB3803300); the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51673214); the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52203250); the State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, China

1. WHXB202303057-SI-4p.pdf(1391KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

碘铅甲眯(FAPbI₃)钙钛矿太阳能电池因其优异的光伏性能而受到广泛关注，但器件的长期稳定性仍然是FAPbI₃太阳能电池的关键问题。FAPbI₃黑色钙钛矿相在室温下会相变为黄色非钙钛矿相，且水分会加速这一相变。界面工程是提高钙钛矿太阳能电池稳定性的常用方法之一。作为绿色溶剂，离子液体被认为是有毒界面修饰剂的潜在替代品，这也提高了它们的商业可行性，并加速了它们在可再生能源市场的应用。本研究利用具有低挥发性、低毒性、高导电性和高热稳定性的离子液体1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐(EMIM[BF₄])来修饰钙钛矿太阳能电池的电子传输层和钙钛矿层之间的界面。离子液体的引入不仅减少了界面缺陷，而且提高了钙钛矿薄膜的质量。密度泛函理论计算表明，离子液体与钙钛矿表面之间存在较强的界面相互作用，有利于降低钙钛矿表面缺陷态密度，稳定钙钛矿晶格。除钙钛矿薄膜缺陷外，溶液处理的SnO₂也存在表面缺陷。当SnO₂表面产生缺陷时，也会导致能级匹配和稳定性问题。密度泛函理论计算表明，有离子液体的表面间隙态比没有离子液体的表面间隙态小，这种减弱的表面间隙态表明表面区域载流子复合减少，有利于提高器件性能。因此，我们实现了功率转换效率大于22%的离子液体修饰的FAPbI₃钙钛矿太阳能电池(对照21%)。在相对湿度~20%的干燥箱中存放1800 h以上后，冠军器件保留了初始状态的~90%，而控制器件降解为非钙钛矿黄色六方相(δ-FAPbI₃)。

关键词: FAPbI₃, 相稳定性, SnO₂, 钙钛矿太阳能电池, 离子液体, 界面工程

Abstract:

Formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI₃) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted significant attention owing to their outstanding optoelectronic properties, but long-term device stability is still a crucial issue related to FAPbI₃ PSCs. FAPbI₃ undergoes phase transition from black perovskite phase to yellow non-perovskite phase at room temperature, and moisture triggers this phase transition. One of the most widely used methods to improve the stability of PSCs is interface engineering. Being green functional solvents, ionic liquids (ILs) have been regarded as potential alternatives to toxic interface modifiers, thereby increasing their commercial viability and accelerating their adoption in the renewable energy market. In this study, an IL, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMIM[BF₄]) was used to modify the interface between the electron transport layer and perovskite layer due to its low volatility, low toxicity, high conductivity, and high thermal stability. The introduction of IL not only reduces interface defects but also improves perovskite film quality. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that there is a strong interface interaction between the IL and perovskite surface that is beneficial to decrease the density of defect states of the perovskite surface and stabilize the perovskite lattice. Apart from the defects in the perovskite film, solution-processed SnO₂ also suffers from surface imperfections. Defects on the SnO₂ surface generate defect states, which cause band alignment issues and stability issues. DFT calculations show that the surface gap states with IL are smaller than those without IL. Such weakened surface gap states indicate reduced carrier recombination at the surface region, which improves the device performance. Consequently, we achieved a power conversion efficiency exceeding 22% for the IL-modified FAPbI₃ PSCs (control ~21%). After storing for over 1800 h in a dry box (relative humidity (RH) ~20%), the champion device retained ~90% of its initial efficiency, while the control devices degraded into non-perovskite yellow hexagonal phase (δ-FAPbI₃).

Key words: FAPbI₃, Phase stability, SnO₂, Perovskite solar cells, Ionic liquid, Interface engineering

AhmedYameen, 封想想, 高远基, 丁洋, 龙操玉, HaiderMustafa, 李恒月, 李专, 黄誓成, SaidaminovMakhsud I., 阳军亮. 离子液体界面修饰的高效稳定FAPbI₃钙钛矿太阳能电池[J]. 物理化学学报, 2024, 40(6), 2303057. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202303057

Yameen Ahmed, Xiangxiang Feng, Yuanji Gao, Yang Ding, Caoyu Long, Mustafa Haider, Hengyue Li, Zhuan Li, Shicheng Huang, Makhsud I. Saidaminov, Junliang Yang. Interface Modification by Ionic Liquid for Efficient and Stable FAPbI₃ Perovskite Solar Cells[J]. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 2024, 40(6), 2303057. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202303057

链接本文: https://www.whxb.pku.edu.cn/CN/10.3866/PKU.WHXB202303057

https://www.whxb.pku.edu.cn/CN/Y2024/V40/I6/2303057

图/表 5

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	J_sc/(mA∙cm⁻²)	V_oc/V	FF/%	PCE/%
Control (champion)	23.86	1.07	80.01	20.55
Control (average)	23.87 ± 0.34	1.06 ± 0.02	78.14 ± 1.87	19.8 ± 0.57
Target (champion)	24.44	1.10	81.39	22.04
Target (average)	24.1 ± 0.23	1.08 ± 0.01	80.52 ± 0.72	21.14 ± 0.41

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离子液体界面修饰的高效稳定FAPbI₃钙钛矿太阳能电池

Interface Modification by Ionic Liquid for Efficient and Stable FAPbI₃ Perovskite Solar Cells

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