中子深度剖析技术研究可充锂金属负极

doi:10.3866/PKU.WHXB202008094

Abstract

Abstract:

The attention towards lithium (Li) metal anode (LMA) has been rekindled in recent years as it can augment the energy density of Li batteries due to its high theoretical specific capacity (3860 mAh·g^-1) and low electrochemical potential (-3.04 V versus standard hydrogen electrode), especially when paired with Li-free cathodes such as Li-oxygen and Li-sulfur. However, severe interfacial instability and safety concerns on rechargeable LMA, associated with Li dendrite formation, continuous side reactions, and infinite volume changes, extremely hinder its commercialization. Numerous strategies have been employed to modify LMA for realizing a uniform distribution of the Li ion flux through interface and dendrite-free Li deposits during repeated Li plating/stripping, which leads to a better cycling performance; however, to the best of our knowledge, a clear understanding of the Li deposition/dissolution behavior and the nucleation growth mechanism of Li dendrites is still lacking, which is conducive to more efficient modification studies on LMA. Therefore, it is critical to achieve considerable progress in the development of advanced characterization techniques. However, the high reactivity of Li metal, which leads to complexity of products and diversity in morphology, causes many difficulties in the characterization of in situ spectroscopy. Recently, some promising characterization techniques have been introduced to further investigate the evolution of LMA during cycling, such as cryo-electron microscopy, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance technology, and neutron depth profiling (NDP) technique. Because of its high-penetration characteristics, quantitative and nondestructive merits, and highly selective sensitivity to ⁶Li via the capture reaction with neutrons, the NDP technique shows a broad application prospect for obtaining real-time information of the electrochemical behavior of Li in Li metal batteries. The NDP results contain a wealth of information about time and space for Li. Accordingly, not only can the real-time distribution and migration of Li ions be detected, but also changes in the active sites of Li deposition/dissolution can be analyzed to understand the formation principle of Li dendrites and the failure mechanism of Li metal batteries. In addition, the NDP technique has shown its potential in the diagnosis and prediction of short circuit in Li metal batteries, which is confirmed through voltage curves. This review first briefly introduces the principle of the NDP technique and the methods for improving its space/time resolution; second, it summarizes the recent use of the NDP technique in the research on LMAs based on liquid or solid cell systems. Finally, it provides a prospect for the future development of NDP technique.

Key words: Lithium metal anode, Liquid electrolyte, Solid electrolyte, Neutron depth profiling, Lithium metal battery

Guorui Zheng, Yuxuan Xiang, Yong Yang. Neutron Depth Profiling Technique for Studying Rechargeable Lithium Metal Anodes[J].Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin., 2021, 37(1): 2008094.

Figures/Tables 10

Table 1

Fig 1

Fig 2

Fig 3

Fig 4

Fig 5

Fig 6

Fig 7

Fig 8

Fig 9

References 50

1	Xu W. ; Wang J. ; Ding F. ; Chen X. ; Nasybulin E. ; Zhang Y. ; Zhang J. G. Energy Environ. Sci. 2014, 7, 513. doi: 10.1039/c3ee40795k
2	Qian J. ; Henderson W. A. ; Xu W. ; Bhattacharya P. ; Engelhard M. ; Borodin O. ; Zhang J. G. Nat. Commun. 2015, 6, 6362. doi: 10.1038/ncomms7362
3	Markevich E. ; Salitra G. ; Chesneau F. ; Schmidt M. ; Aurbach D. ACS Energy Lett. 2017, 2, 1321. doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.7b00300
4	Zheng J. ; Engelhard M. H. ; Mei D. ; Jiao S. ; Polzin B. J. ; Zhang J. G. ; Xu W. Nat. Energy 2017, 2, 17012. doi: 10.1038/nenergy.2017.12
5	Luo W. ; Gong Y. ; Zhu Y. ; Li Y. ; Yao Y. ; Zhang Y. ; Fu K. K. ; Pastel G. ; Lin C. F. ; Mo Y. ; Wachsman E. D. ; Hu L. Adv. Mater. 2017, 29, 1606042. doi: 10.1002/adma.201606042
6	Wang C. ; Gong Y. ; Liu B. ; Fu K. ; Yao Y. ; Hitz E. ; Li Y. ; Dai J. ; Xu S. ; Luo W. ; Wachsman E. D. ; Hu L. Nano Lett. 2017, 17, 565. doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b04695
7	Liu W. ; Lin D. ; Pei A. ; Cui Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2016, 138, 15443. doi: 10.1021/jacs.6b08730
8	Zachman M. J. ; Tu Z. ; Choudhury S. ; Archer L. A. ; Kourkoutis L. F. Nature 2018, 560, 345. doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0397-3
9	Chang H. J. ; Trease N. M. ; Ilott A. J. ; Zeng D. ; Du L. S. ; Jerschow A. ; Grey C. P. J. Phys. Chem. C 2015, 119, 16443. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b03396
10	Chang H. J. ; Ilott A. J. ; Trease N. M. ; Mohammadi M. ; Jerschow A. ; Grey C. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2015, 137, 15209. doi: 10.1021/jacs.5b09385
11	Ilott A. J. ; Mohammadi M. ; Chang H. J. ; Grey C. P. ; Jerschow A. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2016, 113, 10779. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1607903113
12	Lv S. ; Verhallen T. ; Vasileiadis A. ; Ooms F. ; Xu Y. ; Li Z. ; Li Z. ; Wagemaker M. Nat. Commun. 2018, 9, 2152. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-04394-3
13	Nagpure S. C. ; Downing R. G. ; Bhushan B. ; Babu S. S. ; Cao L. Electrochim. Acta 2011, 56, 4735. doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.02.037
14	Wetjen M. ; Trunk M. ; Werner L. ; Gernhäuser R. ; Märkisch B. ; Révay Z. ; Gilles R. ; Gasteiger H. A. J. Electrochem. Soc. 2018, 165, A2340. doi: 10.1149/2.1341810jes
15	Liu D. X. ; Co A. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2016, 138, 231. doi: 10.1021/jacs.5b10295
16	Liu D. X. ; Cao L. R. ; Co A. C. Chem. Mater. 2016, 28, 556. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b04039
17	Yang Y. ; Liu X. ; Dai Z. ; Yuan F. ; Bando Y. ; Golberg D. ; Wang X. Adv. Mater. 2017, 29 doi: 10.1002/adma.201606922
18	Tripathi A. M. ; Su W. N. ; Hwang B. J. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2018, 47, 736. doi: 10.1039/c7cs00180k
19	Downing R. G. ; Lamaze G. P. ; Langland J. K. ; Hwang S. T. J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. 1993, 98, 109. doi: 10.6028/jres.098.008
20	Verhallen T. W. ; Lv S. ; Wagemaker M. Front. Energy Res. 2018, 6 doi: 10.3389/fenrg.2018.00062
21	Oudenhoven J. F. ; Labohm F. ; Mulder M. ; Niessen R. A. ; Mulder F. M. ; Notten P. H. Adv. Mater. 2011, 23, 4103. doi: 10.1002/adma.201101819
22	Wilson W. D. ; Haggmark L. G. ; Biersack J. P. Phys. Rev. B 1977, 15, 2458. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.15.2458
23	Ziegler J. F. ; Ziegler M. D. ; Biersack J. P. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 2010, 268, 1818. doi: 10.1016/j.nimb.2010.02.091
24	Danilov D. L. ; Chen C. ; Jiang M. ; Eichel R. A. ; Notten P. H. L. Radiat. Eff. Defects Solids 2020, 175, 367. doi: 10.1080/10420150.2019.1701468
25	Maki J. T. ; Fleming R. F. ; Vincent D. H. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 1986, 17, 147. doi: 10.1016/0168-583x(86)90077-7
26	Downing R. G. ; Maki J. T. ; Fleming R. F. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 1987, 112, 33. doi: 10.1007/BF02037274
27	Linsenmann F. ; Trunk M. ; Rapp P. ; Werner L. ; Gernhäuser R. ; Gilles R. ; Märkisch B. ; Révay Z. ; Gasteiger H. A. J. Electrochem. Soc. 2020, 167, 100554. doi: 10.1149/1945-7111/ab9b20
28	Zhang X. ; Verhallen T. W. ; Labohm F. ; Wagemaker M. Adv. Energy Mater. 2015, 5, 1500498. doi: 10.1002/aenm.201500498
29	Pei A. ; Zheng G. ; Shi F. ; Li Y. ; Cui Y. Nano Lett. 2017, 17, 1132. doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b04755
30	Jana A. ; García R. E. Nano Energy 2017, 41, 552. doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2017.08.056
31	Brissot C. ; Rosso M. ; Chazalviel J. N. ; Baudry P. ; Lascaud S. Electrochim. Acta 1998, 43, 1569. doi: 10.1016/S0013-4686(97)10055-X
32	Brissot C. ; Rosso M. ; Chazalviel J. N. ; Lascaud S. J. Electrochem. Soc. 1999, 146, 4393. doi: 10.1149/1.1392649
33	Brissot C. ; Rosso M. ; Chazalviel J. N. ; Lascaud S. J. Power Sources 1999, 81-82, 925. doi: 10.1016/S0378-7753(98)00242-0
34	Teyssot A. ; Belhomme C. ; Bouchet R. ; Rosso M. ; Lascaud S. ; Armand M. J. Electroanal. Chem. 2005, 584, 70. doi: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2005.01.037
35	Yin X. ; Tang W. ; Jung I. D. ; Phua K. C. ; Adams S. ; Lee S. W. ; Zheng G. W. Nano Energy 2018, 50, 659. doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2018.06.003
36	Thirumalraj B. ; Hagos T. T. ; Huang C. J. ; Teshager M. A. ; Cheng J. H. ; Su W. N. ; Hwang B. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2019, 141, 18612. doi: 10.1021/jacs.9b10195
37	Hou L. P. ; Zhang X. Q. ; Li B. Q. ; Zhang Q. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2020, 59, 15109. doi: 10.1002/anie.202002711
38	Liu M. ; Cheng Z. ; Qian K. ; Verhallen T. ; Wang C. ; Wagemaker M. Chem. Mater. 2019, 31, 4564. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.9b01325
39	Zheng G. ; Xiang Y. ; Chen S. ; Ganapathy S. ; Verhallen T. W. ; Liu M. ; Zhong G. ; Zhu J. ; Han X. ; Wang W. ; et al Energy Storage Mater. 2020, 29, 377. doi: 10.1016/j.ensm.2019.12.027
40	Liu Y. ; Lin D. ; Liang Z. ; Zhao J. ; Yan K. ; Cui Y. Nat. Commun. 2016, 7, 10992. doi: 10.1038/ncomms10992
41	Varzi A. ; Raccichini R. ; Passerini S. ; Scrosati B. J. Mater. Chem. A 2016, 4, 17251. doi: 10.1039/C6TA07384K
42	Mauger A. ; Armand M. ; Julien C. M. ; Zaghib K. J. Power Sources 2017, 353, 333. doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.04.018
43	Tomandl I. ; Vacik J. ; Kobayashi T. ; Mora Sierra Y. ; Hnatowicz V. ; Lavreniev V. ; Horak P. ; Ceccio G. ; Cannavo A. ; Baba M. ; et al Radiat. Eff. Defects Solids 2020, 175, 394. doi: 10.1080/10420150.2019.1701471
44	Wang C. ; Gong Y. ; Dai J. ; Zhang L. ; Xie H. ; Pastel G. ; Liu B. ; Wachsman E. ; Wang H. ; Hu L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2017, 139, 14257. doi: 10.1021/jacs.7b07904
45	Li Q. ; Yi T. ; Wang X. ; Pan H. ; Quan B. ; Liang T. ; Guo X. ; Yu X. ; Wang H. ; Huang X. ; et al Nano Energy 2019, 63, 103895. doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2019.103895
46	Porz L. ; Swamy T. ; Sheldon B. W. ; Rettenwander D. ; Frömling T. ; Thaman H. L. ; Berendts S. ; Uecker R. ; Carter W. C. ; Chiang Y. M. Adv. Energy Mater. 2017, 7, 1701003. doi: 10.1002/aenm.201701003
47	Ke X. ; Wang Y. ; Dai L. ; Yuan C. Energy Storage Mater. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.ensm.2020.07.024
48	Han F. ; Westover A. S. ; Yue J. ; Fan X. ; Wang F. ; Chi M. ; Leonard D. N. ; Dudney N. J. ; Wang H. ; Wang C. Nat. Energy 2019, 4, 187. doi: 10.1038/s41560-018-0312-z
49	Ping W. ; Wang C. ; Lin Z. ; Hitz E. ; Yang C. ; Wang H. ; Hu L. Adv. Energy Mater. 2020, 10, 2000702. doi: 10.1002/aenm.202000702
50	Ketzer B. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 2013, 732, 237. doi: 10.1016/j.nima.2013.08.027

Element	Abundance/%	Energies of particles formed/keV	Cross section/b
³He	0.00014	p (572) + ³H (191)	5333
⁶Li	7.5	³H (2727) + ⁴He (2055)	940
⁷Be	Radioactive	p (1438) + ⁷Li (207)	48000
¹⁰B	19.9	⁴He (1472) + ⁷Li (840) + y [93.7%] ⁴He (1777) + ⁷Li (1013) [6.3%]	3837
¹⁴N	99.6	¹⁴C (42) + p (584)	1.83
¹⁷O	0.038	¹⁴C (404) + ⁴He (1413)	0.24
²²Na	Radioactive	²²Ne (103) + p (2247)	31000
³³S	0.75	³⁰Si (411) + ⁴He (3081)	0.19
³⁵Cl	75.8	³⁵S (17) + p (598)	0.49
⁴⁰K	0.012	⁴⁰Ar (56) + p (2231)	4.4
⁵⁹Ni	Radioactive	⁵⁶Fe (340) + ⁴He (4757)	12.3

[1]	Guoyong Xue, Jing Li, Junchao Chen, Daiqian Chen, Chenji Hu, Lingfei Tang, Bowen Chen, Ruowei Yi, Yanbin Shen, Liwei Chen. A Single-Ion Polymer Superionic Conductor [J]. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin., 2023, 39(8): 2205012-0.
[2]	Shuai Chen, Chuang Yu, Qiyue Luo, Chaochao Wei, Liping Li, Guangshe Li, Shijie Cheng, Jia Xie. Research Progress of Lithium Metal Halide Solid Electrolytes [J]. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin., 2023, 39(8): 2210032-0.
[3]	Liu Yuankai, Yu Tao, Guo Shaohua, Zhou Haoshen. Designing High-Performance Sulfide-Based All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries: From Laboratory to Practical Application [J]. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin., 2023, 39(8): 2301027-0.
[4]	Linfeng Peng, Chuang Yu, Chaochao Wei, Cong Liao, Shuai Chen, Long Zhang, Shijie Cheng, Jia Xie. Recent Progress on Lithium Argyrodite Solid-State Electrolytes [J]. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin., 2023, 39(7): 2211034-0.
[5]	Yingying Zhu, Yong Wang, Miao Xu, Yongmin Wu, Weiping Tang, Di Zhu, Yu-Shi He, Zi-Feng Ma, Linsen Li. Tracking Pressure Changes and Morphology Evolution of Lithium Metal Anodes [J]. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin., 2023, 39(1): 2110040-0.
[6]	Wei Zhang, Haichen Liang, Kerun Zhu, Yong Tian, Yao Liu, Jiayin Chen, Wei Li. Three-Dimensional Macro-/Mesoporous C-TiC Nanocomposites for Dendrite-Free Lithium Metal Anode [J]. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin., 2022, 38(6): 2105024-.
[7]	Zixu He, Yawei Chen, Fanyang Huang, Yulin Jie, Xinpeng Li, Ruiguo Cao, Shuhong Jiao. Fluorinated Solvents for Lithium Metal Batteries [J]. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin., 2022, 38(11): 2205005-.
[8]	Xinyang Yue, Cui Ma, Jian Bao, Siyu Yang, Dong Chen, Xiaojing Wu, Yongning Zhou. Failure Mechanisms of Lithium Metal Anode and Their Advanced Characterization Technologies [J]. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin., 2021, 37(2): 2005012-.
[9]	Gaolong Zhu, Chenzi Zhao, Hong Yuan, Haoxiong Nan, Bochen Zhao, Lipeng Hou, Chuangxin He, Quanbing Liu, Jiaqi Huang. Liquid Phase Therapy with Localized High-Concentration Electrolytes for Solid-State Li Metal Pouch Cells [J]. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin., 2021, 37(2): 2005003-.
[10]	Yumeng Zhao, Lingxiao Ren, Aoxuan Wang, Jiayan Luo. Composite Anodes for Lithium Metal Batteries [J]. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin., 2021, 37(2): 2008090-.
[11]	Yunbo Zhang, Qiaowei Lin, Junwei Han, Zhiyuan Han, Tong Li, Feiyu Kang, Quan-Hong Yang, Wei Lü. Bacterial Cellulose-Derived Three-Dimensional Carbon Current Collectors for Dendrite-Free Lithium Metal Anodes [J]. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin., 2021, 37(2): 2008088-.
[12]	Jun Guan, Nianwu Li, Le Yu. Artificial Interphase Layers for Lithium Metal Anode [J]. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin., 2021, 37(2): 2009011-.
[13]	Zibo Zhang, Wei Deng, Xufeng Zhou, Zhaoping Liu. LiC₆ Heterogeneous Interface for Stable Lithium Plating and Stripping [J]. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin., 2021, 37(2): 2008092-.
[14]	Zhida Wang, Yuancheng Feng, Songtao Lu, Rui Wang, Wei Qin, Xiaohong Wu. Improvement in Performance of Three-Dimensional SnLi/Carbon Paper Anode in Lean Electrolyte with In Situ Fluorinated Protection Layer [J]. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin., 2021, 37(2): 2008082-.
[15]	Guangbin Hua, Yanchen Fan, Qianfan Zhang. Application of Computational Simulation on the Study of Lithium Metal Anodes [J]. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin., 2021, 37(2): 2008089-.

Neutron Depth Profiling Technique for Studying Rechargeable Lithium Metal Anodes

RichHTML

PDF

Like

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 10

References 50

Related Articles 15

Metrics

Recommended 0