电容去离子提锂技术中电极材料的研究进展

doi:10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100089

物理化学学报 >> 2025, Vol. 41 >> Issue (8): 100089.doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100089

所属专题：电化学分离与资源化

电容去离子提锂技术中电极材料的研究进展

陈泽秋¹^,†, 蔡黎淼¹^,†, 关杰¹, 李瞻洋¹, 王昊², 郭耀广¹^,*(), 徐兴涛³^,*(), 潘丽坤²^,⁴^,*()

¹ 上海第二工业大学资源与环境工程学院, 上海电子废弃物回收协同创新中心, 上海 201209
² 华东师范大学物理与电子科学学院, 上海磁共振重点实验室, 上海 200241
³ 浙江海洋大学海洋科技学院, 浙江舟山 316022
⁴ 华东师范大学医学磁共振与分子影像技术研究院, 上海 200241

收稿日期:2025-01-17 修回日期:2025-04-03 录用日期:2025-04-07 发布日期:2025-06-07
通讯作者: Email: ygguo@sspu.edu.cn (郭耀广)lkpan@phy.ecnu.edu.cn (潘丽坤)xingtao.xu@zjou.edu.cn (徐兴涛)
作者简介:
^†These authors contributed equally to this work.
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(52400174); 国家自然科学基金(52270129); 国家自然科学基金(52370142); 上海扬帆计划(24YF2714000); 东方英才青年计划及上海曙光计划(23SG52)

Advanced electrode materials in capacitive deionization for efficient lithium extraction

Zeqiu Chen¹, Limiao Cai¹, Jie Guan¹, Zhanyang Li¹, Hao Wang², Yaoguang Guo¹^,*(), Xingtao Xu³^,*(), Likun Pan²^,⁴^,*()

¹ Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for WEEE Recycling, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai 201209, China
² Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
³ Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, Zhejiang Province, China
⁴ Institute of Magnetic Resonance and Molecular Imaging in Medicine, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China

Received:2025-01-17 Revised:2025-04-03 Accepted:2025-04-07 Published:2025-06-07
Contact: Email: ygguo@sspu.edu.cn (Yaoguang Guo)lkpan@phy.ecnu.edu.cn (Likun Pan)xingtao.xu@zjou.edu.cn (Xingtao Xu)
Supported by:
the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52400174); the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52270129); the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52370142); Shanghai Sailing Program(24YF2714000); Oriental Talent Youth Program, and Shanghai Shuguang Program(23SG52)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着新能源领域对锂资源需求的持续增长，开发高效的锂提取技术变得及其重要。然而，由于其高能耗和可能引发的二次污染问题，传统的锂提取和回收技术具有实际应用和发展的局限性。电容去离子(CDI)技术作为一种新兴的锂提取技术，在效率、成本效益和能源消耗方面展现出巨大的潜力。本综述从文献计量入手，剖析了CDI提锂的关键研究主题，进而全面总结了在CDI提锂技术中电极材料的最新进展，并探讨了使用这些材料构建的各种CDI系统类型。本研究详细阐明了CDI系统中用于锂资源回收的主要电极材料——水系锂离子电极材料(包括LiFePO₄、LiMn₂O₄、LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂等)及其修饰材料(包括碳纳米管、石墨烯、MOF等)。此外，本文讨论了通过不同的电容去离子(CDI)系统提高锂提取效率，并评估了各种先进电极材料在这些系统中的性能。文末强调了机器学习在CDI提锂领域的应用潜力，并期望本研究将为未来开发基于CDI的高效锂提取系统提供坚实的理论基础和实践指导。

关键词: 电容去离子, 锂离子提取, 电化学, 电极材料

Abstract:

Efficient technologies for lithium extraction are progressively pivotal in response to the growing requirement for lithium in new energy applications. However, due to its high energy consumption and possible secondary pollution problems, traditional lithium absorption and recovery technologies, are limited in practical application and development. Capacitive deionization (CDI) demonstrates significant potential for lithium extraction with regard to efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and energy consumption. This review commences with bibliometric analysis to dissect the key research topics of lithium extraction via CDI, and presents a complete synopsis of recent advances in electrode materials for lithium extraction using CDI technology, along with various types of CDI systems that utilize these materials. This study elucidates in detail the main electrode materials used in CDI systems for lithium resource recovery——aqueous lithium ion electrode materials (including LiFePO₄, LiMn₂O₄, LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂) and their modification materials (including carbon nanotubes, graphene, MOFs). In addition, this paper discusses the improvement of lithium extraction efficiency through different CDI systems and evaluates the capability of various advanced electrode materials in these systems. The end of the paper emphasizes the application potential of machine learning in the domain of lithium extraction via CDI. The study is anticipated to deliver a strong theoretical basis and practical recommendations for advancing efficient lithium extraction systems that utilize CDI.

Key words: Capacitive deionization, Lithium extraction, Electrochemical, Electrode material

陈泽秋, 蔡黎淼, 关杰, 李瞻洋, 王昊, 郭耀广, 徐兴涛, 潘丽坤. 电容去离子提锂技术中电极材料的研究进展[J]. 物理化学学报, 2025, 41(8), 100089. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100089

Zeqiu Chen, Limiao Cai, Jie Guan, Zhanyang Li, Hao Wang, Yaoguang Guo, Xingtao Xu, Likun Pan. Advanced electrode materials in capacitive deionization for efficient lithium extraction[J]. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 2025, 41(8), 100089. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100089

链接本文: https://www.whxb.pku.edu.cn/CN/10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100089

https://www.whxb.pku.edu.cn/CN/Y2025/V41/I8/100089

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Indicator	Range of values
TOP N	No concrete limitations
Q	Q ranges from 0 to 1 Q > 0.3 indicates a distinct and cohesive network community structure
S	S ranges from 0 to 1 S > 0.5 suggests reasonable clustering validity S > 0.7 demonstrates high reliability

Methods	Cathode	Anode	Adsorption capacity	Separation factor	Selectivity factor	Energy consumption	Ref.
MCDI	LMO/LAO	Active carbon	900 μmol·g⁻¹			0.67 kWh∙m⁻³	[109]
	LMO	Active carbon	0.35 μmol·g⁻¹			23.3 Wh∙g⁻¹	[52]
	Active carbon	Active carbon			S_Li/Mg = 2.95	0.0018 kWh∙mol⁻¹	[110]
HCDI	LMO/GO	Active carbon	720.2 μmol·g⁻¹	$\alpha_{\mathrm{Mg}}^{\mathrm{Li}}$ = 47.8			[111]
	GO/La-LMO	Active carbon	1.33 mmol·g⁻¹	$\alpha_{\mathrm{Mg}}^{\mathrm{Li}}$ = 126			[112]
	CNTs-LMO	Active carbon	11.11 mg·g⁻¹	$\alpha_{\mathrm{Mg}}^{\mathrm{Li}}$ ≈ 181		3.6 Wh∙mol⁻¹	[95]
	λ-MnO₂	Active carbon	18.1 mg·g⁻¹			0.99 Wh∙mol⁻¹	[113]
	rGO/LMO	Active carbon	4.34 mmol·g⁻¹	$\alpha_{\mathrm{Mg}}^{\mathrm{Li}}$ = 71.32			[114]
	LMTO	Active carbon (AEM)	28.6 mg·g⁻¹	$\alpha_{\mathrm{Mg}}^{\mathrm{Li}}$ = 2.14		1.54–12.10 Wh∙mol⁻¹	[115]
FCDI	Nanoporous Active carbon (CEM)	Nanoporous Active carbon (AEM)					[116]
	(CEM)	(AEM)			S_Li/Na = 141 ± 5.85 S_Li/K = 46 ± 1.46	16.70 ± 1.63 kWh∙kg⁻¹	[117]
RCDI	Li_1-xMn₂O₄	LiMn₂O₄	18 mg·g⁻¹	F_Mg/Li from 147.8 to 0.37	S_Li/Na = 5.94 S_Li/K = 9.16 S_Li/Mg = 42.95 S_Li/Al = 73.93		[118]
	LiMn₂O₄	Li_1-xMn₂O₄	34.69 mg·g⁻¹			6.76 Wh∙mol⁻¹	[119]
	FePO₄	LiFePO₄	32 mg·g⁻¹	F_Mg/Li from 48.4 to 0.5			[120]
	NaFePO₄	FePO₄			S_Li/Na = 18000		[121]

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电容去离子提锂技术中电极材料的研究进展

Advanced electrode materials in capacitive deionization for efficient lithium extraction

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