物理化学学报

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特定氮掺杂碳中氮构型的介电响应实现高效电磁波吸收

陈佑剑1,2, 刘雨欣1, 杨序1, 温兰超1, 李海丰3, 商鸿程1, 程思瑶1, 董伟2, 谢阿明1   

  1. 1 南京理工大学安全科学与工程学院, 江苏 南京 210094;
    2 南京理工大学化学与化工学院, 江苏 南京 210094;
    3 湖北汽车工业学院汽车材料学院, 湖北 十堰 442002
  • 收稿日期:2026-05-18 修回日期:2026-07-26 录用日期:2026-07-30
  • 通讯作者: 程思瑶, 谢阿明Siyao Cheng, Aming Xie E-mail:chengsy@njust.edu.cn;xieaming@njust.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    本工作由国家自然科学基金项目(22505266)资助。

Dielectric response of specific N configurations in N-doped carbon enables efficient electromagnetic wave absorption

Youjian Chen1,2, Yuxin Liu1, Xu Yang1, Lanchao Wen1, Haifeng Li3, Hongcheng Shang1, Siyao Cheng1, Wei Dong2, Aming Xie1   

  1. 1 School of Safety Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China;
    2 School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China;
    3 School of Automotive Materials, Hubei University of Automotive Technology, Shiyan 442002, Hubei Province, China
  • Received:2026-05-18 Revised:2026-07-26 Accepted:2026-07-30

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摘要： 氮掺杂碳材料是极具前景的电磁波吸收材料，然而不同氮构型(石墨氮、吡啶氮和吡咯氮)在介电损耗中的独特作用仍不明确。本研究提出一种以配体为中心的分子设计策略，利用2-甲基咪唑和4-二甲氨基吡啶精确调控氮构型。系统表征表明，4-二甲氨基吡啶可稳定吡咯氮，将其含量提升至42.95%，同时将石墨氮含量降至9.57%，从而引入缺陷并增强极化中心。结合德拜弛豫理论与第一性原理计算，我们定量解耦了介电贡献：石墨氮通过提高载流子迁移率增强电导损耗，而吡咯氮主导极化损耗。因此，富石墨氮的NC-M样品在1.97 mm厚度下实现-70.82 dB的最小反射损耗，而富吡咯氮的NC-D样品将有效吸收带宽扩展至5.9 GHz。本研究建立了清晰的构效关系，为设计构型可控的电磁波吸收材料提供了理性路径。

关键词: N掺杂, 电磁波吸收, 极化损耗, 介电性能

Abstract: N-doped carbon materials are promising electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbers, yet the distinct roles of N configurations (Graphitic-N, Pyridinic-N, and Pyrrolic-N) in dielectric loss remain unclear. This work introduces a ligand-centered molecular design strategy using 2-methylimidazole and 4-dimethylaminopyridine to precisely modulate N configurations. Systematic characterization reveals that 4-dimethylaminopyridine stabilizes Pyrrolic-N, increasing its content to 42.95% while reducing Graphitic-N to 9.57%, which introduces defects and enhanced polarization centers. Combining Debye relaxation theory and first-principles calculations, we quantitatively decouple dielectric contributions: Graphitic-N enhances conduction loss via improved carrier mobility, whereas Pyrrolic-N governs polarization loss. As a result, the Graphitic-N rich NC-M sample achieves a minimum reflection loss (RL) of -70.82 dB at 1.97 mm, while the Pyrrolic-N-rich NC-D sample extends the effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) to 5.9 GHz. This work establishes a clear structure-activity relationship, offering a rational pathway for designing configuration-controlled EMW absorbers.

Key words: N-doped, Electromagnetic wave absorption, Polarization loss, Dielectric properties