物理化学学报

上一篇    下一篇

磁性双壳层与氮掺杂碳协同MXene实现卓越微波吸收和抗菌性能

郑辽川1, 薛清泽1, 安晓鹏1, 黄恒峰1, 南凯2, 王大双3, 王岩1   

  1. 1 西安工业大学材料与化工学院, 陕西 西安 710021;
    2 西安交通大学红会医院关节外科, 陕西 西安 710054;
    3 湖北汽车工业学院汽车材料学院, 湖北 十堰 442002
  • 收稿日期:2026-05-21 修回日期:2026-07-28 录用日期:2026-08-10
  • 通讯作者: 南凯, 王岩 E-mail:drnankai@xjtu.edu.cn;wangy@xatu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    作者感谢国家自然科学基金(61701386、21975196和51771140)；中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(xzy012026147)；陕西省自然科学基础研究计划(2022JM-358和2024JC-YBQN-0896)；车辆动力基础研究与创新项目；陕西省“两链融合”重点专项(2023-LL-QY-33-3)；西安市科技计划项目(24KGDW0005)；西安市军民用轻合金腐蚀防护与功能涂层技术重点实验室；以及陕西省教育厅科研计划项目(25JR079)的资助。

Synergistic integration of magnetic double-shell and nitrogen-doped carbon on MXene for superior microwave absorption and antibacterial performance

Synergistic integration of magnetic double-shell and nitrogen-doped carbon on MXene for superior microwave absorption and antibacterial performance1   

  1. 1 School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710021, Shaanxi Province, China;
    2 Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi Province, China;
    3 School of Automotive Materials, Hubei University of Automotive Technology, Shiyan 442002, Hubei Province, China
  • Received:2026-05-21 Revised:2026-07-28 Accepted:2026-08-10
  • Contact: Kai Nan, Yan Wang E-mail:drnankai@xjtu.edu.cn;wangy@xatu.edu.cn

PDF

36

赞

补充材料

1

摘要： 随着电磁污染、军事隐身需求以及微生物污染问题的日益加剧，开发兼具高效微波吸收与强效抗菌性能的多功能材料已成为迫切需要。然而，由于导电性、阻抗匹配与表面功能化之间存在内在制约关系，实现上述功能的协同整合仍面临显著挑战。本研究通过溶剂热法与静电自组装协同策略，设计并制备了具有多级核壳结构的MXene@Fe3O4@ZnFe2O4@NC复合材料。该结构将柔性导电MXene基底、中空Fe3O4@ZnFe2O4磁性双壳层与氮掺杂碳外层有机结合，不仅引入缺陷偶极子，还优化了阻抗匹配特性。锌掺杂诱导的电子重新分布实现了电磁参数的精确调控，并增强了MXene/Fe3O4、Fe3O4@ZnFe2O4及碳/磁性界面处的界面极化效应。实验结果表明，该复合材料在13.4 GHz处的最小反射损耗达到−53.4 dB，且在1.9 mm厚度下有效吸收带宽达到7.36 GHz。雷达散射截面仿真进一步证实了其卓越的雷达隐身性能。此外，在电磁波辐照下，该复合材料对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌表现出优异的抗菌效果，致死率分别达98.6%和99.3%，其杀菌机制可归因于尖锐MXene/NC边缘引发的物理膜损伤与活性氧介导化学损伤的协同作用。本研究为面向下一代便携式电子设备、医疗器械及雷达隐身系统的高性能多功能电磁吸收材料设计提供了可行的策略。

关键词: MXene, 电磁波吸收, 阻抗匹配, 核壳结构, 抗菌

Abstract: The increasing concerns over electromagnetic (EM) pollution, military stealth technology, and microbial contamination necessitate the development of multifunctional materials that combine high-efficiency microwave absorption (MA) with robust antibacterial activity. However, achieving this integration remains challenging due to the conflicting requirements of conductivity, impedance matching, and surface functionality. Herein, a multilevel core-shell MXene@Fe3O4@ZnFe2O4@NC composite is designed and fabricated via a combined solvothermal and electrostatic self-assembly strategy. This unique architecture integrates a flexible conductive MXene substrate, hollow Fe3O4@ZnFe2O4 magnetic double-shell structures, and a nitrogen-doped carbon outer layer, introducing defect dipoles and optimizing impedance matching. Zn doping triggers electron redistribution, enabling precise tuning of EM parameters and enhancing interfacial polarization at the MXene/Fe3O4, Fe3O4@ZnFe2O4, and carbon/magnetic interfaces. The optimized composite exhibits an exceptional minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of -53.4 dB at 13.4 GHz and a broad effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 7.36 GHz at an ultrathin thickness of 1.9 mm. Radar cross-section (RCS) simulation further confirms its outstanding stealth performance. Moreover, the composite demonstrates superior antibacterial efficacy against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) under EMW irradiation, with lethality rates of 98.6% and 99.3%, respectively, arising from synergistic physical membrane damage from sharp MXene/NC edges and chemical damage from reactive oxygen species (ROS). This work provides a promising strategy for developing high-performance, multifunctional electromagnetic absorbing materials for next-generation portable electronics, medical devices, and radar stealth applications.

Key words: MXene, Electromagnetic wave absorption, Impedance matching, Core-shell structure, Antibacterial