物理化学学报

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燃烧诱导合成多梯度多孔碳复合材料用于宽带微波耗散

邓琳娜1, 范晨雨1, 唐好男1, 胡弘坤佑1, 谢世玉1, 游昊月1, 王大双3, 王乾丰1, 席鼎1, 关海军1, 莫愁1, 王玉超1, 庞涛1, 黄晖1, 寇欣2, 赵永鹏1   

  1. 1 四川农业大学机电学院, 四川 雅安 625014;
    2 四川农业大学资源学院, 四川 雅安 625014;
    3 湖北汽车工业学院汽车材料学院, 湖北 十堰 442002
  • 收稿日期:2026-06-10 修回日期:2026-07-29 录用日期:2026-08-12
  • 通讯作者: 赵永鹏, 寇欣, 庞涛 E-mail:zhaoyp@sicau.edu.cn;14910@sicau.edu.cn;12773@sicau.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    本研究得到了四川省自然科学基金(2026NSFSC0358,2024NSFSC0969和2023NSFSC0435)以及国家级大学生创新创业训练计划(202510626006和202610626008)的资助。

Combustion-induced synthesis of multi-gradient porous carbon composites for broadband microwave dissipation

Linna Deng1, Chenyu Fan1, Haonan Tang1, Hongkunyou Hu1, Shiyu Xie1, Haoyue You1, Dashuang Wang3, Qianfeng Wang1, Ding Xi1, Haijun Guan1, Chou Mo1, Yuchao Wang1, Tao Pang1, Hui Huang1, Xin Kou2, Yongpeng Zhao1   

  1. 1 College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan Province, China;
    2 College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan Province, China;
    3 School of Automotive Materials, Hubei University of Automotive Technology, Shiyan 442002, Hubei Province, China
  • Received:2026-06-10 Revised:2026-07-29 Accepted:2026-08-12
  • Contact: Yongpeng Zhao, Xin Kou, Tao Pang E-mail:zhaoyp@sicau.edu.cn;14910@sicau.edu.cn;12773@sicau.edu.cn

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摘要： 碳基材料在电磁波吸收领域具有广阔的应用前景，多孔碳是增强吸收性能的重要策略。然而，当前多孔碳材料的制备工艺较为复杂，且难以精确调控其组成与结构。针对这一问题，本研究开发了一种燃烧驱动协同自组装策略，用于制备金属氧化物修饰的多孔碳复合材料。该方法以蔗糖为碳源、过碳酸钠为发泡剂，通过一步燃烧反应快速形成含有微孔、介孔和大孔的三维多孔碳骨架。同时，金属化合物前驱体发生热分解并自组装成金属氧化物纳米颗粒，均匀锚定在碳骨架表面。所得多孔结构优化了阻抗匹配，促进了多重散射，显著提升了能量耗散效率。最终，优化后的MPC@FNN样品在15 wt%的低填充率下，仅以2.48 mm的厚度实现了−51.81 dB的最低反射损耗，有效吸收带宽达5.52 GHz。这项工作为开发高性能、轻质碳基吸波材料提供了一种简单、快速、低成本且可规模化制备的策略。

关键词: 燃烧诱导多孔材料, 轻质材料, 分级孔隙, 微波吸收

Abstract: Carbon-based materials have broad application prospects in the field of electromagnetic wave absorption, and porous carbon is an important strategy for enhancing the absorption performance. However, the current preparation process of porous carbon materials is rather complex and it is difficult to precisely control their composition and structure. To address this issue, this study developed a combustion-driven cooperative self-assembly strategy for preparing metal oxide modified porous carbon composites. This method uses sucrose as the carbon source and sodium percarbonate as the foaming agent. Through a one-step combustion reaction, a three-dimensional porous carbon framework containing micropores, mesopores and macropores is rapidly formed. At the same time, the metal compound precursors undergo thermal decomposition and self-assemble into metal oxide nanoparticles, which are uniformly anchored on the carbon framework surface. The obtained porous structure optimizes impedance matching, promotes multiple scattering, and significantly improves the energy dissipation efficiency. Finally, the optimized MPC@FNN sample achieved the lowest reflection loss of -51.81 dB with a thickness of only 2.48 mm at a low filling rate of 15 wt%, and the effective absorption bandwidth was 5.52 GHz. This work provides a simple, rapid, low-cost and scalable preparation strategy for developing high-performance, lightweight carbon-based absorbing materials.

Key words: Combustion-Induced Porous Materials, Lightweight Materials, Hierarchical Pores, Microwave Absorption