物理化学学报

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多尺度导电网络分级多孔SiC@C气凝胶用于高效微波吸收和高温稳定性

冯橦炎1, 范聪敏1, 兰笛2, 李杨洪1, 缪佳鑫1, 何秦川1, 王益群1,3   

  1. 1 成都理工大学材料与化学化工学院, 四川 成都 610059;
    2 湖北汽车工业学院汽车材料学院, 湖北 十堰 442002;
    3 电子科技大学电磁辐射控制材料国家工程研究中心, 四川 成都 611731
  • 收稿日期:2026-06-30 修回日期:2026-08-18 录用日期:2026-08-24
  • 通讯作者: 范聪敏, 王益群Congmin Fan, Yiqun Wang E-mail:wangyiqun17@cdut.edu.cn;fcongmin@mail.ustc.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    本文作者感谢国家自然科学基金(52202047)、四川省科技计划(2025ZNSFSC1387)以及电磁辐射控制材料国家工程研究中心开放基金(KPKFJJ2026004-3)的资助。

Hierarchically porous SiC@C aerogels with multiscale conductive networks for efficient microwave absorption and high-temperature stability

Tongyan Feng1, Congmin Fan1, Di Lan2, Yanghong Li1, Jiaxin Miao1, Qinchuan He1, Yiqun Wang1,3   

  1. 1 College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan Province, China;
    2 School of Automotive Materials, Hubei University of Automotive Technology, Shiyan 442002, Hubei Province, China;
    3 National Engineering Research Center of Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, Sichuan Province, China
  • Received:2026-06-30 Revised:2026-08-18 Accepted:2026-08-24

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摘要： 开发具有优异高温稳定性的轻质电磁波(EMW)吸收材料对于航空航天和极端环境应用至关重要。本文通过原位碳热还原策略制备了具有分级多孔结构和纳米线-微纤维多尺度导电网络的SiC@C气凝胶(SCA)。分级多孔结构促进了电磁波的多重散射,而互连的导电网络和丰富的SiC@SiO2异质界面增强了传导和极化损耗。优化后的SCA实现了优异的微波吸收性能,最小反射损耗(RLmin)为-45.9 dB,最大有效吸收带宽(EABmax)为3.2 GHz。在800℃氧化后,SCA仍表现出RLmin为-30.6 dB和EABmax为2.72 GHz,这表明SCA在电磁波吸收性能方面具有较强的高温稳定性。DFT计算揭示,SiC@SiO2异质界面的形成促进了界面电子转移和极化,从而增强了介电损耗。此外,SCA的密度仅为0.11 g cm-3,并且还表现出优异的热稳定性和绝缘性能。这项工作为设计和开发兼具高效吸波与极端热稳定性的下一代多功能电磁波吸收材料提供了一种新策略。

关键词: 电磁波吸收, 异质界面, 碳化硅纳米线气凝胶, 热稳定性, 多功能

Abstract: Developing lightweight electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbers with excellent high-temperature stability is highly desirable for aerospace and extreme-environment applications. Herein, a SiC@C aerogel (SCA) with a hierarchical porous structure and a nanowire-microfiber multiscale conductive network was fabricated via an in-situ carbothermal reduction strategy. The hierarchical porous architecture promoted EMW multiple scattering, while the interconnected conductive network and abundant SiC@SiO2 heterogeneous interfaces enhanced conduction and polarization losses. The optimized SCA achieved excellent microwave absorption performance, with a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of -45.9 dB and a maximum effective absorption bandwidth (EABmax) of 3.2 GHz. After oxidation at 800 ℃, SCA still exhibited an RLmin of -30.6 dB and an EABmax of 2.72 GHz, which indicates that SCA has strong high-temperature stability in EMW absorption performance. DFT calculations revealed that the formation of a SiC@SiO2 heterointerface promoted interfacial electron transfer and polarization, thereby enhancing dielectric loss. Furthermore, SCA has a density of only 0.11 g cm-3, and also exhibits excellent thermal stability and insulation properties. This work provides a novel strategy for designing and developing next-generation multifunctional electromagnetic wave absorbing materials that combine efficient wave absorption with extreme thermal stability.

Key words: Electromagnetic wave absorption, Heterointerface, SiC nanowires aerogel, Thermal stability, Multifunctional