物理化学学报

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硼掺杂碳纳米球中的多尺度极化调控实现高效微波吸收与能量转换

熊思纯1,2, 杜昌龙1,2, 李连锐1,2, 王优璇1,2, 王贵京1,2,, 李帅3,4, 赵近川1,2, 王桂振1,2   

  1. 1 海南大学材料科学与工程学院，热带海洋工程国家重点实验室，精密仪器先进材料研究与评估中心，海南 海口 570228
    2 海口新药开发与检测中心，海南 海口 570228
    3 临沂大学机械与车辆工程学院，山东 临沂 276005
    4 山东金杰利材料科技有限公司，山东 临沂 273400
  • 收稿日期:2026-06-29 修回日期:2026-08-24 录用日期:2026-08-30
  • 通讯作者: 赵近川, 王桂振 E-mail:zhaojinchuan@hainanu.edu.cn;wangguizhen@hainanu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    作者感谢国家自然科学基金(52365044和U24A20204)、海南省财政科技项目(ZDYF2025SHFZ018)、海南省自然科学基金(525RC704)、海南省科技人才创新项目(KJRC2023C08)、海南省自然科学基金创新团队项目(525CXTD607)、中央高校优秀青年团队项目(2023QNTD002)、山东省科技型中小企业创新能力提升项目(2024TSGC0895)、海南省高等教育教育教学改革研究项目(Hnjg2025ZC-18)以及海南省研究生创新科研项目(Qhyb2024-53)的资助。

Multiscale polarization regulation in boron-doped carbon nanospheres for efficient microwave absorption and energy conversion

Sichun Xiong1,2, Changlong Du1,2, Lianrui Li1,2, Youxuan Wang1,2, Guijing Wang1,2,, Shuai Li3,4, Jinchuan Zhao1,2, Guizhen Wang1,2   

  1. 1 State Key Laboratory of Tropic Ocean Engineering Materials and Materials Evaluation, Center for Advanced Studies in Precision Instruments, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan Province, China
    2 Center for New Pharmaceutical Development and Testing of Haikou, Haikou 570228, Hainan Province, China
    3 School of Mechanical & Vehicle Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, Shandong Province, China
    4 Shandong Jinjieli Materials Technology Co., Ltd., Linyi 273400, Shandong Province, China
  • Received:2026-06-29 Revised:2026-08-24 Accepted:2026-08-30
  • Contact: Jinchuan Zhao, Guizhen Wang E-mail:zhaojinchuan@hainanu.edu.cn;wangguizhen@hainanu.edu.cn

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摘要： 通过杂原子掺杂调控局部电子结构和电磁响应是合理设计高性能微波吸收材料(MAMs)的有效策略。然而，杂原子的配位构型和掺杂水平如何调控电磁损耗行为仍知之甚少。在此，构建了硼掺杂碳纳米球(B@CNs)作为模型以研究硼(B)含量对碳基体电子结构和电磁响应的影响。具体而言，在水热-碳化过程中调控葡萄糖与硼酸的前驱体比例，以实现B的可控原位掺入，从而系统研究掺杂水平与电磁损耗行为之间的相关性。结果表明，B原子以BC3、BC2O和BCO2配位构型掺入碳骨架中，从而调控局部电子结构并诱导电荷不均匀性。这产生了丰富的杂原子诱导偶极和缺陷位点，协同增强多重极化损耗能力。因此，在优化硼酸添加量的样品中，B@CNs-0.5表现出−62.6 dB的最小反射损耗，而B@CNs-0.8展示了最宽的的有效吸收带宽为5.81 GHz，表明硼掺杂水平在调控电磁参数和损耗机制中起关键作用。此外，B@CNs-0.8能高效地将电磁能转化为热能，使其成为构建电磁-热-电多能耦合系统或自供电电磁能量收集装置的有前景热源。这项工作为通过配位工程开发杂原子掺杂MAMs铺平了道路。

关键词: 微波吸收, 硼掺杂, 碳纳米球, 极化调控

Abstract: Regulating local electronic states and electromagnetic responses via heteroatom doping is an effective strategy for the rational design of high-performance microwave absorption materials (MAMs). However, how the coordination configuration and doping level of heteroatoms regulate the electromagnetic loss behavior is still poorly understood. Here, boron-doped carbon nanospheres (B@CNs) were constructed as a model to investigate the effect of boron (B) content on the electronic structure and electromagnetic response of the carbon matrix. Specifically, the precursor ratio of glucose to boric acid was tailored during the hydrothermal-carbonization process to achieve controllable in situ incorporation of B, enabling a systematic study of the correlation between doping level and electromagnetic loss behavior. The results show that B atoms are incorporated into the carbon framework as BC3, BC2O, and BCO2 coordination configurations, thereby modulating the local electronic structure and inducing charge inhomogeneity. This creates abundant heteroatom-induced dipoles and defect sites to synergistically enhance multiple polarization loss capability. Consequently, among the samples with optimized boric acid addition, B@CNs-0.5 exhibited a minimum reflection loss of −62.6 dB, while B@CNs-0.8 demonstrated the widest effective absorption bandwidth of 5.81 GHz, indicating that the boron doping level plays a critical role in regulating the electromagnetic parameters and loss mechanisms. Furthermore, B@CNs-0.8 can efficiently convert electromagnetic energy into thermal energy, making it a promising heat source for constructing electromagnetic-thermal-electric multi-energy coupling systems or self-powered electromagnetic energy harvesting devices. This work paves the way for developing heteroatom-doped MAMs via coordination engineering.

Key words: Microwave absorption, Boron doping, Carbon nanospheres, Polarization regulation