物理化学学报 >> 2026, Vol. 42 >> Issue (10): 100333.doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2026.100333

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仿生“须根”相变复合材料用于光热转换与能量存储

付杰1, 柏凌寒3,*(), 初立秋1, 邹涵羽2, 秦龙2, 贾姝馨5, 倪美乐6, 郝智藩7,*(), 孙梦潇4,*(), 吴凡2,*()   

  1. 1 中石化(北京)化工研究院有限公司, 北京 100013
    2 天津大学理学院化学系, 天津 300072
    3 北京科技大学材料科学与工程学院, 北京 100083
    4 河北工业大学机械工程学院, 天津 300401
    5 齐鲁师范学院生命科学学院, 山东 济南 250000
    6 陕西科技大学化学与化工学院, 陕西 西安 710021
    7 中国科学院过程工程研究所资源化工研究部, 北京 100190
  • 收稿日期:2026-03-25 修回日期:2026-05-22 录用日期:2026-05-27 发布日期:2026-09-03
  • 通讯作者: wufan0817@tju.edu.cn (吴凡)Email: LinghanBAi@ustb.edu.cn (柏凌寒)hzf2112@xs.ustb.edu.cn (郝智藩)smx20231002@hebut.edu.cn (孙梦潇)

Biomimetic "fibrous root systems" in phase-change composites for photothermal conversion and energy storage

Jie Fu1, Linghan Bai3,*(), Liqiu Chu1, Hanyu Zou2, Long Qin2, Shuxin Jia5, Meile Ni6, Zhifan Hao7,*(), Mengxiao Sun4,*(), Fan Wu2,*()   

  1. 1 Sinopec Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Beijing 100013, China
    2 Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
    3 School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
    4 School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
    5 School of Life Sciences, Qilu Normal University, Jinan 250000, Shandong Province, China
    6 College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, Shaanxi Province, China
    7 Research Department of Resources and Chemicals, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
  • Received:2026-03-25 Revised:2026-05-22 Accepted:2026-05-27 Published:2026-09-03
  • Contact: wufan0817@tju.edu.cn (Fan Wu)Email: LinghanBAi@ustb.edu.cn (Linghan Bai)hzf2112@xs.ustb.edu.cn (Zhifan Hao)smx20231002@hebut.edu.cn (Mengxiao Sun)

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摘要：

具有高效光热转换与储能能力的相变材料(PCMs)在太阳能捕获、转换与存储方面展现出巨大潜力。然而，原始相变材料虽具有高潜热值，却存在光捕获吸收效率低、导热性差、相变材料泄漏、形状稳定性差等问题。为此，将相变材料与光热转换材料复合，并受植物“根须”结构启发，我们设计了一种新型仿生相变材料。该材料采用由碳化PBO纤维(CPF)与原位生成的镍纳米颗粒(NPs)限域碳纳米管(CNTs)构成的双碳结构(CPF@Ni/CNTs)作为三维多孔碳骨架支撑，以镍纳米颗粒为功能填料、石蜡(PW)为相变材料，成功制备出PW-CPF@Ni/CNTs相变复合材料。得益于三维网络多孔结构的物理吸附作用，实现了254%的高PW负载率，并在相变过程中有效抑制泄漏(300次热循环后泄漏率≤ 0.17%)。镍纳米颗粒的引入不仅构建了丰富的热传导通道，更通过局域表面等离子体共振(LSPR)效应与高宽带吸光特性的石墨化碳结构协同作用，显著提升了相变复合材料的光捕获与能量转换效率。最终，PW-CPF@Ni/CNTs相变复合材料展现出183.6 J g−1的潜热值、0.77 W (m K)−1的导热系数(较纯PW提升2.6倍)及96.69%的光热转换效率(100 mW cm−2光照强度)。此外，该相变复合材料在300次光热循环后仍保持优异的热可靠性。本研究提出了一种新型仿生根须状镍诱导双碳三维网络多孔结构用于可控制备多功能高性能相变复合材料，并对其光热转换机制进行了深入解析。这种新型相变复合材料在太阳能存储、太阳能热水器及电子器件热管理等领域具有重要应用价值。

关键词: 相变材料, 光热转换, 热储存, 纤维网络, 碳纳米管

Abstract:

Phase change materials (PCMs) with efficient photothermal conversion and energy storage capabilities show great potential in the capture, conversion, and storage of solar energy. However, although pristine PCMs possess high latent heat, they suffer from issues such as low efficiency in light capture and absorption, poor thermal conductivity, phase leakage, and poor shape stability. Therefore, by integrating PCMs with photothermal conversion materials and inspired by the "root hair" structure of plants, we designed a novel biomimetic phase change material. This material employs a dual-carbon structure composed of carbonized PBO fiber (CPF) and in-situ generated nickel nanoparticles (NPs) confined within carbon nanotubes (CNTs), denoted as CPF@Ni/CNTs, as a three-dimensional porous carbon skeleton support. Using nickel nanoparticles as functional fillers and paraffin wax (PW) as the phase change material, the PW-CPF@Ni/CNTs composite PCM was successfully fabricated. Benefiting from the physical adsorption of the 3D network porous structure, a high PW loading ratio of 254% was achieved, and leakage was effectively suppressed during phase change (leakage rate ≤ 0.17% after 300 thermal cycles). The introduction of nickel nanoparticles not only constructed abundant thermal conduction pathways, but also, through the synergistic effect of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and the graphitized carbon structure with high broadband light absorption, significantly enhanced the light capture and energy conversion efficiency of the composite PCM. Consequently, the PW-CPF@Ni/CNTs composite PCM exhibited a latent heat of 183.6 J g−1, a thermal conductivity of 0.77 W (m K)−1 (2.6 times higher than pure PW), and a photothermal conversion efficiency of 96.69% (100 mW cm−2). Furthermore, the composite PCM maintained excellent thermal reliability after 300 photothermal cycles. This study proposes a novel biomimetic root-hair-like nickel-induced dual-carbon 3D network porous structure for the controlled fabrication of multifunctional, high-performance composite PCMs and provides a detailed analysis of their photothermal conversion mechanism. This new composite PCM holds significant application potential in solar energy storage, solar water heating, and thermal management of electronic devices.

Key words: Phase change materials, Photothermal conversion, Thermal energy storage, Fibrous network, Carbon nanotube