过渡金属氧化物/硫属化合物用于电化学氧还原制过氧化氢

doi:10.3866/PKU.WHXB202407005

Abstract

Abstract:

Electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction via the two-electron pathway (2e-ORR) is becoming a promising and sustainable approach to producing hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) without significant carbon footprints. To achieve better performance, most of the recent progress and investigations have focused on developing novel carbon-based electrocatalysts. Nevertheless, the sophisticated preparations, decreased selectivity and undefined active sites of carbon-based catalysts have been generally acknowledged and criticized. To this end, transition metal oxides and chalcogenides have increasingly emerged for 2e-ORR, due to their catalytic stability and tunable microstructure. Here, the development of metal oxides and chalcogenides for O₂-to-H₂O₂ conversion is prospectively reviewed. By summarizing previous theoretical and experimental efforts, their diversity and outstanding catalytic activity are firstly provided. Meanwhile, the topological and chemical factors influencing 2e-ORR selectivity of the metal oxides/chalcogenides are systematically elucidated, including morphology, phase structures, doping and defects engineering. Thus, emphasizing the influence on the binding of ORR intermediates, the active sites and the underlying mechanism is highlighted. Finally, future opportunities and challenges in designing metal oxides/chalcogenides-based catalysts for H₂O₂ electro-synthesis are outlined. The present review provides insights and fundamentals of metal oxides/chalcogenides as 2e-ORR catalysts, promoting their practical application in the energy-related industry.

Key words: Oxides, Chalcogenides, Oxygen reduction reaction, H₂O₂ electro-synthesis, Active sites

Xiaofeng Zhu, Bingbing Xiao, Jiaxin Su, Shuai Wang, Qingran Zhang, Jun Wang. Transition Metal Oxides/Chalcogenides for Electrochemical Oxygen Reduction into Hydrogen Peroxides[J]. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 2024, 40(12), 2407005. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202407005

Figures/Tables 11

Table 1

Table 2

Fig 1

Table 3

Summary of TMOs and TMCs for H2O2 performance (M: mol∙L−1)."

Type	Catalyst	Electrolytes	2e-ORR Performance	Ref.
Metal oxides	NiO_x-C	0.1 M KOH	Onset: 0.76 V_RHE	53
			Selectivity: 91%
	Co₃O₄	0.5 M H₂SO₄	Selectivity: 60%	54
			Yield: 1.6 mol∙g_cat⁻¹∙h⁻¹ at 0.0 V_RHE
			Stability: 5 h at 0.1 V_RHE
	In₂O₃/CDs	0.1 M KOH	Selectivity: nearly 100%	55
			Yield: 4.5 mol∙g_cat⁻¹∙h⁻¹
			Stability: 5, 000 ADT cycles at 0.5 V_RHE
	MnO₂/C	H₂SO₄ 0.1 M + K₂SO₄ 0.1 M	Yield: 391 mg∙L⁻¹	56
	ZnO/rGO	0.5 M NaCl	Selectivity: 80%	57
	ZnCo₂O₄/g-C₃N₄	0.1 M KOH	Selectivity: 86.74%	58
	ZnO/ZnS@C	0.1 M KOH	Selectivity: 90%	60
			Yield: 16 mmol∙g_cat⁻¹∙h⁻¹
			Stability: 30 h at 0 V_RHE
	V₂O₅-Ov	0.1 M KOH	Selectivity: 92.32%	61
			Yield: 1.96 mol∙g_cat⁻¹∙h⁻¹
			FE: 84%
	Nd-doped Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂	0.1 M KOH	Selectivity: 95%	62
			Yield: 208 mmol∙g_cat⁻¹∙h⁻¹ at 0.36 V_RHE
			FE: 97.6%
Metal oxides	NiNb₂O₆	0.1 M KOH	Selectivity: 96%	63
			Yield: 996 mmol∙g_cat⁻¹∙h⁻¹
			FE: 92%
			Stability: 24 h at 0.3 V_RHE
	Pr₂Ni_0.8Mo_0.2O_4+δ	0.1 M KOH	Selectivity: 79%	64
			Stability: 24 h at 10 mA∙cm⁻²
	Pb-(NiWMnNbZrTi)_1/6O₃	0.1 M KOH	Selectivity: 91%	66
			Stability: 12 h at 0.1 V_RHE
	CoAl₂O₄/CoO	0.1 M KOH	Selectivity: 85%	67
			Yield: 1.446 mol∙g_cat⁻¹∙h⁻¹
			Stability: 7 h at 0.2 V_RHE
	ZrO₂/PL₆C	0.1 M K₂SO₄	Selectivity: 88.8%	68
	α-Fe₂O₃	0.1 M KOH 0.1 M Na₂SO₄	Selectivity: 90%, 88%, and 95% in acidic, neutral, and alkaline electrolytes	69
		5 mM H₂SO₄	Yield: 454 mmol∙g_cat⁻¹∙h⁻¹ at 0.1 V_RHE in alkaline
			FE: 80.5% in AEM-flow cell
			Stability: 48 h at 0.5 V_RHE
	c-WO₃	0.1 M KOH	Selectivity: 90%	110
			Yield: 179 mmol∙g_cat⁻¹∙h⁻¹
			Stability: 24 h at 0.1 V_RHE
	Fe-CeO₂	0.1 M KOH	Selectivity: 97.7% at 0.38 V_RHE	112
			Yield: 1.80 mol∙g_cat⁻¹∙h⁻¹ at 0.1 V_RHE
			FE: 94% at 0.1 V_RHE
			Stability: 10 h at 0.5 V_RHE
	Mn-TiO₂	0.1 M KOH	Onset: 0.78 V_RHE	113
			Selectivity: 92.7%
			Yield: 205 mg∙L⁻¹ h⁻¹ at 0 V_RHE
			FE: 98% at 0.3 V_RHE
			Stability: 12 h at 0.40 V_RHE
Metal chalcogenides	L-PdS-Vs metallene	0.1 M KOH	Selectivity: 90%	70
			Yield: 1.12 mol∙g_cat⁻¹∙h⁻¹ at 0.3 V_RHE
			FE: 90%
			Stability: 5, 000 CV cycles
	Pd-S NCs	0.05 M H₂SO₄	Selectivity: 90%	71
			Yield: 12.5 mM at 0.2 V_RHE
	CuNW@CoS₄	0.1 M Na₂SO₄ pH = 5	Selectivity: 93%	72
			FE: 91% at 0.1 V_RHE
			Stability: 5 h at 0.1 V_RHE
	CoSe₂ polymorph	0.05 M H₂SO₄	Yield: 547 mg∙L⁻¹	74
	NiS₂ nanosheets	0.05 M H₂SO₄	Selectivity: 99%, onset ~130 mV	75
			Yield: 109 mg∙L⁻¹∙h⁻¹ 0.156 V_RHE
			FE: 98% at 0.456 V_RHE
	Mn-CuS-2	0.1 M KOH	Selectivity: 92%	76
			Yield: 90 mmol∙g_cat⁻¹∙h⁻¹
			Stability: 25 h at 0.6 V_RHE
	Cu-defective Au@Cu_2-xS-CNTs	0.1 M KOH	Selectivity: 94%	77
			Stability: 10 h at 0.5 V_RHE
Metal chalcogenides	Ti-ZnCoS HSS	0.1 M KOH	Selectivity: 98%	78
			Yield: 675 mmol∙g_cat⁻¹∙h⁻¹
			Stability: 12 h at 0.55 V_RHE
	Ni₂Mo₆S₈	0.1 M KOH	Selectivity: 90%	79
			Yield: 90 mmol∙g_cat⁻¹∙h⁻¹
			Stability: 10 h at 0.5 V_RHE
Metal chalcogenides	CuCo_0.8Ni_1.2S₄	0.05 M H₂SO₄	Selectivity: 60%	80
	Pd-Se-B NC	0.1 M KPi buffer	Selectivity: 85%	81
	PtSe₂/C	0.1 M HClO₄	Selectivity: 91%	82
	Pd₄Se NPs	0.1 M HClO₄ 0.1 M KCl	Selectivity: 93.5%, 89.7%, and 86.7% in acidic, neutral, and alkaline electrolytes	83
		0.1 M KOH
	a-PdSe₂ NPs	0.1 M KOH	Selectivity: 90% in different electrolytes⁻¹∙h⁻¹	84
		0.1 M HClO₄ 0.1 M Na₂SO₄	Yield: 3245.7, 1725.5, and 2242.1 mmol∙g_Pd in alkaline, acidic, and neutral electrolytes
	Cu_7.2Se₄	0.1 M KOH	Selectivity: 90%	85
	Fe-CoSe-HT	0.1 M KOH 0.1 M Na₂SO₄	Selectivity: 99.1%, 83.2% and 93.6% in alkaline, neutral, and acidic electrolytes	86
		0.05 M H₂SO₄	Stability: 18 h at 0.2 V_RHE
	sc-CoSe₂	0.5 M H₂SO₄	FE: 96.7%	88
			Yield: 30.60 mg∙cm⁻²∙h⁻¹
			Stability: 100 h at 63 mA∙cm⁻²
	CoPSe	0.1 M HClO₄	Selectivity: 76%-85% in 0–0.5 V_RHE	89
			Stability: 10 h at 0.1 V_RHE
	CoSe₂@NCNTs	0.1 M HClO₄	Selectivity: 93.2%	90
			Yield: 172 mg∙L⁻¹∙h⁻¹
			Stability: 24 h at 0.1 V_RHE
	CoSe₂ NS/CC	0.1 M KOH	Selectivity: 92%	96
			Stability: 10 h at 0.5 V_RHE
	NiSe₂-V_Se	0.1 M KOH	Selectivity: 96%	97
			Stability: 40, 000 s at 0.4 V_RHE
	NiSe₂/CP	0.05 M H₂SO₄	Selectivity: 92%	99
			Yield: 988 mg∙L⁻¹
			Stability: 12 h at 0 V_RHE
	Pd-Te	0.1 M H₂SO₄	Selectivity: 75%	101
	CoTe@NC	0.1 M HClO₄	Selectivity: 92.6%	103
			Yield: 297.9 mg∙L⁻¹∙h⁻¹
			Stability: 12 h at 0.4 V_RHE
	2H-MoTe₂ nanoflakes	0.5 M H₂SO₄	Onset: 140 mV	104
			Selectivity: 93%

Table 3

Fig 2

Fig 3

Fig 4

Fig 5

Fig 6

Fig 7

Fig 8

References 117

1	Hu X.; Sun Z.; Mei G.; Zhao X.; Xia B. Y.; You B Adv. Energy Mater. 2022, 12(32), 2201466. doi: 10.1002/aenm.202201466
2	Yu F.-Y.; Zhou Y.-J.; Tan H.-Q.; Li Y.-G.; Kang Z.-H Adv. Energy Mater. 2023, 13(14), 2300119. doi: 10.1002/aenm.202300119
3	Xie Y.; Zhang Q.; Sun H.; Teng Z; Su C Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 2023, 39(11), 2301001. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202301001
4	Lin L.; Sun Z.; Chen H.; Zhao L.; Sun M.; Yang Y.; Liao Z.; Wu X.; Li X.; Tang C Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 2023, 40(4), 2305019. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202305019
5	Knotter, D. M. The Chemistry of Wet Cleaning. In Handbook of Cleaning in Semiconductor Manufacturing; Reinhardt, K. A., Reidy R. F. Eds.; Scrivener: Beverly, America, 2010; pp. 39–94. doi: 10.1002/9781118071748.ch2
6	Yuan M.; Li D.; Zhao X.; Ma W; Kong K; Ni W; Gu Q; Hou Z Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 2018, 34(8), 886. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB201711151
7	Du K.-S.; Huang J.-M Green Chem. 2018, 20(6), 1405. doi: 10.1039/C7GC03864J
8	Dan M.; Zhong R.; Hu S.; Wu H.; Zhou Y.; Liu Z-Q Chem Catal. 2022, 2(8), 1919. doi: 10.1016/j.checat.2022.06.002
9	Lu X.; Wang D.; Wu K.-H.; Guo X.; Qi W J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2020, 573, 376. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.04.030
10	Campos-Martin J.M.; Blanco-Brieva G.; Fierro J. L. G Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2006, 45(42), 6962. doi: 10.1002/anie.200503779
11	Xia C.; Kim J.Y.; Wang H Nat. Catal. 2020, 3(8), 605. doi: 10.1038/s41929-020-0486-1
12	Yang S.; Verdaguer-Casadevall A.; Arnarson L; Silvioli L; Čolić V.; Frydendal R.; Rossmeisl J.; Chorkendorff I.; Stephens I. E. L ACS Catal. 2018, 8(5), 4064. doi: 10.1021/acscatal.8b00217
13	Samanta C Appl. Catal., A 2008, 350(2), 133. doi: 10.1016/j.apcata.2008.07.043
14	Lin Z.; Zhang Q.; Pan J.; Tsounis C.; Esmailpour A. A.; Xi S.; Yang H. Y.; Han Z.; Yun J.; Amal R.; et al Energy Environ. Sci. 2022, 15(3), 1172. doi: 10.1039/D1EE02884G
15	Li Hc.; Wan Q.; Du C.; Zhao J.; Li F.; Zhang Y.; Zheng Y.; Chen M.; Zhang K. H. L.; Huang J.; et al Nat. Commun. 2022, 13(1), 6072. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-33757-0
16	Zhang K.; Li Y.; Yuan S.; Zhang L.; Wang Q Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 2023, 39(6), 2212010. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202212010
17	Zan Z.; Li X.; Gao X.; Huang J.; Luo Y.; Han L Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 2023, 39(6), 2209016. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202209016
18	Wu Y.; Yang Y.; Gu M.; Bie C.; Tan H.; Cheng B.; Xu J Chin. J. Catal. 2023, 53, 123. doi: 10.1016/S1872-2067(23)64514-0
19	Zhang X.; Gao D.; Zhu B.; Cheng B.; Yu J.; Yu H Nat. Commun. 2024, 15(1), 3212. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-47624-7
20	Cheng C.; Yu J.; Xu D.; Wang L.; Liang G.; Zhang L.; Jaroniec M Nat. Commun. 2024, 15(1), 1313. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-45604-5
21	Qiu J.; Meng K.; Zhang Y.; Cheng B.; Zhang J.; Wang L.; Yu J Adv. Mater. 2024, 36(24), 2400288. doi: 10.1002/adma.202400288
22	Zhang Y.; Zhou W.; Tang Y.; Guo Y.; Geng Z.; Liu L.; Tan X.; Wang H.; Yu T.; Ye J Appl. Catal., B 2022, 305(15), 121055. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2021.121036
23	Sa Y. J.; Kim J. H.; Joo S. H Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2018, 58(4), 1100. doi: 10.1002/anie.201812435
24	Ouyang D.; Gao D.; Qiang Y.; Zhao X Appl. Catal. B 2023, 328(5), 122491. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2023.122491
25	Jeong S; Wang N.; Kitano S.; Habazaki H.; Aoki Y Adv. Energy Mater. 2021, 11(37), 2102025. doi: 10.1002/aenm.202102025
26	Zhang Q.; Chen Y.; Pan J.; Daiyan R.; Lovell E.C.; Yun J.; Amal R.; Lu X Small 2023, 19(40), 2302338. doi: 10.1002/smll.202302338
27	Zhang J.; Zhang G.; Jin S.; Zhou Y.; Ji Q.; Lan H.; Liu H.; Qu J Carbon 2020, 163(15), 154. doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2020.02.084
28	Jia N.; Yang T.; Shi S.; Chen X.; An Z.; Chen Y.; Yin S.; Chen P ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 2020, 8(7), 2883. doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b07047
29	Wu Q.; Zou H.; Mao X.; He J.; Shi Y.; Chen S.; Yan X.; Wu L.; Lang C.; Zhang B.; et al Nat. Commun. 2023, 14(1), 6275. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-41947-7
30	Zhang C.; Shen W.; Guo K.; Xiong M.; Zhang J.; Lu X J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2023, 145(21), 11589. doi: 10.1021/jacs.3c00689
31	Wu K.-H.; Wang D.; Lu X.; Zhang X.; Xie Z.; Liu Y.; Su B.-J.; Chen J.-M.; Su D.-S.; Qi W.; et al Chem 2020, 6(6), 1443. doi: 10.1016/j.chempr.2020.04.002
32	Su J.; Xiao B.; Wang J.; Zhu X Sci. Energy Environ. 2024, 1, 4. doi: 10.53941/see.2024.100004
33	Liu H.; Meng G.; Deng Z.; Li M.; Chang J.; Dai T.; Fang X Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 2022, 38(5), 2008018. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202008018
34	Yang S.; Xu Y.; Hao Z.; Qin S.; Zhang R.; Han Y.; Du L.; Zhu Z.; Du A.; Chen X.; et al Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 2023, 39(5), 2211025. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202211025
35	Li Q.; Meng J.; Li Z J. Mater. Chem. A 2022, 10(15), 8107. doi: 10.1039/D2TA00075J
36	Zhao C.-X.; Liu J.-N.; Li B.-Q.; Ren D.; Chen X.; Yu J.; Zhang Q Adv. Funct. Mater. 2020, 30(36), 2003619. doi: 10.1002/adfm.202003619
37	Wu W.; Yan Y.; Wang X.; Wei C.; Yang;; Li X J. Mater. Chem. A 2024, 12(23), 13818. doi: 10.1039/D4TA01430H
38	Shi X.; Wang H.; Ji S.; Linkov V.; Liu F.; Wang R Chem. Eng. J. 2019, 364(15), 320. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2019.01.156
39	Kuang P.; Ni Z.; Zhu B.; Lin Y.; Yu J Adv. Mater. 2303, 35(41), 2303030. doi: 10.1002/adma.202303030
40	Lv J.; Xie J.; Mohamed A. G. A.; Zhang X.; Wang Y Chem. Soc. Rev. 2022, 51(4), 1511. doi: 10.1039/D1CS00859E
41	Yu Y.; Rao P.; Feng S.; Chen M.; Deng P.; Li J.; Miao Z.; Kang Z.; Shen Y.; Tian X Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 2023, 39(8), 2210039. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202210039
42	Wang N.; Ma S.; Zuo P.; Duan J.; Hou B Adv. Sci. 2100, 8(15), 2100076. doi: 10.1002/advs.202100076
43	Han N.; Zhang W.; Guo W.; Pan H.; Jiang B.; Xing L.; Tian H.; Wang G.; Zhang X.; Fransaer J Nano Micro Lett. 2023, 15(1), 185. doi: 10.1007/s40820-023-01152-z
44	Alonso-Vante, N. Transition Metal Chalcogenides for Oxygen Reduction. In Electrocatalysis in Fuel Cells: A Non- and Low-Platinum Approach; Shao, M. Ed.; Springer: London, Britain, 2013; pp. 417–436. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4471-4911-8_14
45	Li H.; Kelly S.; Guevarra D.; Wang Z.; Wang Y.; Haber J. A.; Anand M.; Gunasooriya G. T. K. K.; Abraham C. S.; Vijay S.; et al Nat. Catal. 2021, 4(6), 463. doi: 10.1038/s41929-021-00618-w
46	Zhao D.; Zhuang Z.; Cao X.; Zhang C.; Peng Q.; Chen C.; Li Y Chem. Soc. Rev. 2020, 49(7), 2215. doi: 10.1039/C9CS00869A
47	Tian Y.; Deng D.; Xu L.; Li M.; Chen H.; Wu Z.; Zhang S Nano Micro Lett. 2023, 15(1), 122. doi: 10.1007/s40820-023-01067-9
48	Pegis M. L.; Wise C. F.; Martin D. J.; Mayer J. M Chem. Rev. 2018, 118(5), 2340. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00542
49	Zhou R.; Zheng Y.; Jaroniec M.; Qiao S.-Z ACS Catal. 2016, 6(7), 4720. doi: 10.1021/acscatal.6b01581
50	Lu H.; Li X.; Monny S. A.; Wang Z.; Wang L Chin. J. Catal. 2022, 43(5), 1204. doi: 10.1016/S1872-2067(21)64028-7
51	Wu T.; Ren X.; Sun Y.; Sun S.; Xian G.; Scherer G. G.; Fisher A. C.; Mandler D.; Ager J. W.; Grimaud A.; et al Nat. Commun. 2021, 12(1), 3634. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-23896-1
52	Zhang T.; Ren X.; Ma F.; Jiang X.; Wen Y.; He W.; Hao L.; Zeng C.; Liu H.; Chen R.; et al Appl. Mater. Today 2023, 34, 101912. doi: 10.1016/j.apmt.2023.101912
53	Wu Z.; Wang T.; Zou J.-J.; Li Y.; Zhang C ACS Catal. 2022, 12(10), 5911. doi: 10.1021/acscatal.2c01829
54	Yan L.; Cheng X.; Wang Y.; Wang Z.; Zheng L.; Yan Y.; Lu Y.; Sun S.; Qiu W.; Chen G Mater. Today Energy 2022, 24, 100931. doi: 10.1016/j.mtener.2021.100931
55	Wu J.; Han Y.; Bai Y.; Wang X.; Zhou Y.; Zhu W.; He T.; Wang Y.; Huang H.; Liu Y.; et al Adv. Funct. Mater. 2022, 32(32), 2203647. doi: 10.1002/adfm.202203647
56	Aveiro L. R.; da Silva A. G. M.; Antonin V. S.; Candido E. G.; Parreira L. S.; Geonmonond R. S.; de Freitas I. C.; Lanza M. R. V.; Camargo P. H. C.; Santos M. C Electrochim. Acta 2018, 268, 101. doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.02.077
57	Li J.; Wang N.; Liu K.; Duan J.; Hou B Colloids Surf. A 2023, 668, 131446. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.131446
58	Kumar S.; Fu Y.-P Electrochim. Acta 2023, 447, 142161. doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2023.142161
59	Zhang H.; An Y.; Li S.; Li Z.; Geng D.; Sha D.; Pan L.; Qiu G.; Yan C Electrochim. Acta 2023, 463, 142047. doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2023.142852
60	Ding L.; Zhao J.; Bao Z.; Zhang S.; Shi H.; Liu J.; Wang G.; Peng X.; Zhong X.; Wang J J. Mater. Chem. A 2023, 11(7), 3454. doi: 10.1039/D2TA09450A
61	Zhang S.; Feng G.; Bao Z.; Peng X.; Jiang C.; Shao Y.; Wang S.; Wang J Indus. Eng. Chem. Res. 2023, 62(15), 6113. doi: 10.1021/acs.iecr.3c00262
62	Zhang Z.; Dong Q.; Li P.; Fereja S. L.; Guo J.; Fang Z.; Zhang X.; Liu K.; Chen Z.; Chen W J. Phys. Chem. C 2021, 125(45), 24814. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c08140
63	Liu C.; Li H.; Chen J.; Yu Z.; Ru Q.; Li S.; Henkelman G.; Wei L.; Chen Y Small 2021, 17(13), 2007249. doi: 10.1002/smll.202007249
64	Han N.; Feng S.; Guo W.; Mora O. M.; Zhao X.; Zhang W.; Xie S.; Zhou Z.; Liu Z.; Liu Q.; et al SusMat 2022, 2(4), 456. doi: 10.1002/sus2.71
65	Qian J.; Liu W.; Jiang Y.; Mu Y.; Cai Y.; Shi L.; Zeng L ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 2022, 10(43), 14351. doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c04965
66	Chen Z.; Wu J.; Chen Z.; Yang H.; Zou K.; Zhao X.; Liang R.; Dong X.; Menezes P. W.; Kang Z Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2022, 61(21), e202200086. doi: 10.1002/anie.202200086
67	Wu S.; Deng D.; Wu J.-C.; Zhu L.; Yan C.; Xu L.; Li H ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 2024, 12(1), 216. doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c05426
68	Kronka M. S.; Cordeiro-Junior P. J. M.; Mira L.; dos Santos A. J.; Fortunato G. V.; Lanza M. R. V Mater. Chem. Phys. 2021, 267, 124575. doi: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2021.124575
69	Gao R.; Pan L.; Li Z.; Shi C.; Yao Y.; Zhang X.; Zou J.-J Adv. Funct. Mater. 2020, 30(24), 1910539. doi: 10.1002/adfm.201910539
70	Wang H.; Mu X.; Mao Q.; Deng K.; Yu H.; Xu Y.; Wang Z.; Wang L ACS Appl. Nano Mater. 2023, 7(1), 881. doi: 10.1021/acsanm.3c04938
71	Yang T.; Yang C.; Le J.; Yu Z.; Bu L.; Li L.; Bai S.; Shao Q.; Hu Z.; Pao C.-W.; et al Nano Res. 2022, 15(3), 1861. doi: 10.1007/s12274-021-3786-0
72	Chen Z.; Liu G.; Cao W.; Yang L.; Zhang L.; Zhang S.; Zou J.; Song R.; Fan W.; Luo S.; et al Appl. Catal. B 2023, 334, 122825. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2023.122825
73	Chen Z.; Liu G.; Yu S.; Yang L.; Zheng L.; Wei Z.; Luo S Chem. Eng. J. 1455, 81(474), 145581. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2023.145581
74	Sheng H.; Hermes E. D.; Yang X.; Ying D.; Janes A. N.; Li W.; Schmidt J. R.; Jin S ACS Catal. 2019, 9(9), 8433. doi: 10.1021/acscatal.9b02546
75	Liang J.; Wang Y.; Liu Q.; Luo Y.; Li T.; Zhao H.; Lu S.; Zhang F.; Asiri A. M.; Liu F.; et al J. Mater. Chem. A 2021, 9(10), 6117. doi: 10.1039/D0TA12008A
76	Zhang A.; Jiang Z.; Zhang S.; Lan P.; Miao N.; Chen W.; Huang N.; Tian X.; Liu Y.; Cai Z Appl. Catal., B 2023, 331, 122721. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2023.122721
77	Zhang A.; Liu Y.; Wu J.; Zhu J.; Cheng S.; Wang Y.; Hao Y.; Zeng S Chem. Eng. J. 2023, 454, 140317. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2022.140317
78	Zhang C.; Lu R.; Liu C.; Lu J.; Zou Y.; Yuan L.; Wang J.; Wang G.; Zhao Y.; Yu C Adv. Sci. 2022, 9(12), 2104768. doi: 10.1002/advs.202104768
79	Xia F.; Li B.; Liu Y.; Liu Y.; Gao S.; Lu K.; Kaelin J.; Wang R.; Marks T. J.; Cheng Y Adv. Funct. Mater. 2021, 31(47), 2104716. doi: 10.1002/adfm.202104716
80	Ross R. D.; Sheng H.; Parihar A.; Huang J.; Jin S ACS Catal. 2021, 11(20), 12643. doi: 10.1021/acscatal.1c03349
81	Lee J.; Choi S. W.; Back S.; Jang H.; Sa Y. J Appl. Catal. B 2022, 309, 121265. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2022.121265
82	Song M.; Chen M.; Zhang C.; Zhang J.; Liu W.; Huang X.; Li J.; Feng G.; Wang D ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2023, 15(26), 31375. doi: 10.1021/acsami.3c02793
83	Yang C.; Bai S.; Yu Z.; Feng Y.; Huang B.; Lu Q.; Wu T.; Sun M.; Zhu T.; Cheng C.; et al Nano Energy 2021, 89, 106480. doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2021.106480
84	Yu Z.; Lv S.; Yao Q.; Fang N.; Xu Y.; Shao Q.; Pao C.-W.; Lee J.-F.; Li G.; Yang L.-M.; et al Adv. Mater. 2022, 35, 2208101. doi: 10.1002/adma.202208101
85	Yuan Q.; Zhao J.; Mok D. H.; Zheng Z.; Ye Y.; Liang C.; Zhou L.; Back S.; Jiang K Nano Lett. 2021, 22(3), 1257. doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c04420
86	Wang J.; Liu X.; Liao T.; Ma C.; Chen B.; Li Y.; Fan X.; Peng W Appl. Catal. B 2024, 341, 123344. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2023.123344
87	Sheng H.; Janes A. N.; Ross R. D.; Kaiman D.; Huang J.; Song B.; Schmidt J. R.; Jin S Energy Environ. Sci. 2020, 13(11), 4189. doi: 10.1039/d0ee01925a
88	Zhang X.-L.; Su X.; Zheng Y.-R.; Hu S.-J.; Shi L. Gao; F.-Y.; Yang P.-P.; Niu Z.-Z.; Wu Z.-Z.; Qin S.; et al Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2021, 60(52), 26922. doi: 10.1002/anie.202111075
89	Xie J.; Zhong L.; Yang X.; He D; Lin K.; Chen X.; Wang H.; Gan S.; Niu L Chin. Chem. Lett. 2024, 35(1), 108472. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108472
90	Zhang L.; Liang J.; Yue L.; Xu Z.; Dong K.; Liu Q; Luo Y; Li T.; Cheng X.; Cui G.; et al Nano Res. 2021, 15(1), 304. doi: 10.1007/s12274-021-3474-0
91	Jia Y.; Xiong X.; Wang D.; Duan X.; Sun K.; Li Y.; Zheng L.; Lin W.; Dong M.; Zhang G.; et al Nano Micro Lett. 2020, 12(1), 116. doi: 10.1007/s40820-020-00456-8
92	Fan M.; Yuan Q.; Zhao Y.; Wang Z.; Wang A.; Liu Y.; Sun K.; Wu J.; Wang L.; Jiang J Adv. Mater. 2022, 34(13), 2107040. doi: 10.1002/adma.202107040
93	Ni B.; Shen P.; Zhang G.; Zhao J.; Ding H.; Ye Y.; Yue Z.; Yang H.; Wei H.; Jiang K J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2024, 146(16), 11181. doi: 10.1021/jacs.3c14186
94	Wang X.-R.; Liu J.-Y.; Liu Z.-W.; Wang W.-C.; Luo J.; Han X.-P.; Du X.-W.; Qiao S.-Z.; Yang J Adv. Mater. 2018, 30, 1800005. doi: 10.1002/adma.201800005
95	Liu J.; Song P.; Ruan M.; Xu W Chin. J. Catal. 2016, 37(7), 1119. doi: 10.1016/S1872-2067(16)62456-7
96	Ji Y.; Liu Y.; Zhang B.-W.; Xu Z.; Qi X.; Xu X.; Ren L.; Du Y.; Zhong J.; Dou S. X J. Mater. Chem. A 2021, 9(37), 21340. doi: 10.1039/d1ta05731f
97	Wang Y.; Huang H.; Wu J.; Yang H.; Kang Z.; Liu Y.; Wang Z.; Menezes P. W.; Chen Z Adv. Sci. 2022, 10(4), 22053475. doi: 10.1002/advs.202205347
98	Sheng H.; Janes A. N.; Ross R. D.; Hofstetter H.; Lee K.; Schmidt J. R.; Jin S Nat. Catal. 2022, 5(8), 716. doi: 10.1038/s41929-022-00826-y
99	Sun Q.; Xu G.; Xiong B.; Chen L.; Shi J Nano Res. 2022, 16(4), 4729. doi: 10.1007/s12274-022-5160-2
100	Sun X.; Zhu X.; Wang Y.; Li Y Chin. J. Catal. 2022, 43(6), 1520. doi: 10.1016/s1872-2067(21)64007-x
101	Lee Y.; Koh J.; Ahn H.; Jang H.; Sa Y. J Appl. Surf. Sci. 2024, 647, 158976. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2023.158976
102	Dhabarde N.; Ferrer A.; Tembo P. M.; Raja K. S.; Subramanian V. R J. Electrochem. Soc. 2023, 170(1), 016506. doi: 10.1149/1945-7111/acafa5
103	Zhang L.; Liang J.; Yue L.; Dong K.; Xu Z.; Li T.; Liu Q.; Luo Y.; Liu Y.; Gao S.; et al J. Mater. Chem. A 2021, 9(38), 21703. doi: 10.1039/d1ta06313h
104	Zhao X.; Wang Y.; Da Y.; Wang X.; Wang T.; Xu M.; He X.; Zhou W.; Li Y.; Coleman J. N.; et al Natl. Sci. Rev. 2020, 7(8), 1360. doi: 10.1093/nsr/nwaa084
105	Liu, M.; Yang, M.; Shu, X.; Zhang, J. 2021, 37 (9), 2007072. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202007072
106	Tian X.; Lu X. F.; Xia B. Y.; Lou X. W Joule 2020, 4(1), 45. doi: 10.1016/j.joule.2019.12.014
107	Chen Y.; Zhang S.; Chung-Yen Jung J.; Zhang J Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 2023, 98, 101101. doi: 10.1016/j.pecs.2023.101101
108	Zhang D.; Mitchell E.; Lu X; Chu D.; Shang L.; Zhang T.; Amal R.; Han Z Mater. Today 2023, 63, 339. doi: 10.1016/j.mattod.2023.02.004
109	Hu J.; Liu W.; Xin C.; Guo J.; Cheng X.; Wei J.; Hao C.; Zhang G.; Shi Y J. Mater. Chem. A 2021, 9(44), 24803. doi: 10.1039/D1TA06144E
110	Jiang H.; Wang Y.; Hu J.; Shai X.; Zhang C.; Le T.; Zhang C.; Le T.; Zhang L; Shao M Chem. Eng. J. 2023, 452, 139449. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2022.139449
111	Zhang X.; Ren K.; Liu Y.; Gu Z.; Huang Z.; Zheng S.; Wang X.; Guo J.; Zatovsky I. V.; Cao J.; et al Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 2023, 40(7), 2307057. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202307057
112	Mei X.; Zhao X.; Chen Y.; Deng B.; Geng Q.; Cao Y.; Li Y.; Dong F ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 2023, 11(43), 15609. doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c04194
113	Chen Q.; Ma C.; Yan S.; Liang J.; Dong K.; Luo Y.; Liu Q.; Li T.; Wang Y.; Yue L.; et al ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 202, 13(39), 46659. doi: 10.1021/acsami.1c13307
114	Zhang L.; Jiang S.; Ma W.; Zhou Z Chin. J. Catal. 2022, 43(6), 1433. doi: 10.1016/S1872-2067(21)63961-X
115	Yang L.; Shui J.; Du L.; Shao Y.; Liu J.; Dai L.; Hu Z Adv. Mater. 2019, 31(13), 1804799. doi: 10.1002/adma.201804799
116	Deng Y.; Luo J.; Chi B.; Tang H.; Li J.; Qiao X.; Shen Y.; Yang Y.; Jia C.; Rao P.; et al Adv. Energy Mater. 2021, 11(37), 2101222. doi: 10.1002/aenm.202101222
117	Bhoyate S. D.; Kim J.; de Souza F. M.; Lin J.; Lee E.; Kumar A.; Gupta R. K Coord. Chem. Rev. 2023, 474, 214854. doi: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214854

ORR pathway	Reaction equations and standard potentials
ORR pathway	Alkaline electrolytes	Acidic electrolytes
4e-ORR	O₂ + 2H₂O + 4e^- → 4OH^- (E⁰ = 1.23 V)	O₂ + 4H⁺ + 4e^- → 2H₂O (E⁰ = 1.23 V)
2e-ORR	O₂ + H₂O + 2e^- → HO₂^- + OH^- (E⁰ = 0.76 V)	O₂ + 2H⁺ + 2e^- → H₂O₂ (E⁰ = 0.70 V)
(2e + 2e)-ORR	HO₂^- + H₂O + 2e^- → 3OH^- (E0 = 0.86 V)	H₂O₂ + 2H⁺ + 2e^- → 2H₂O (E⁰ = 1.76 V)

In alkaline electrolytes	In acidic electrolytes
O₂ + H₂O + e⁻ + * → *OOH + OH⁻	O₂ + H⁺ + e⁻ + * → *OOH
OOH + e⁻→ HO₂⁻ +	OOH + H⁺ + e⁻ → + H₂O₂

[1]	Xue Liu, Lipeng Wang, Luling Li, Kai Wang, Wenju Liu, Biao Hu, Daofan Cao, Fenghao Jiang, Junguo Li, Ke Liu. Research on Cu-Based and Pt-Based Catalysts for Hydrogen Production through Methanol Steam Reforming [J]. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin., 2025, 41(5): 100049-.
[2]	Kangjuan Cheng, Chunxiao Liu, Youpeng Wang, Qiu Jiang, Tingting Zheng, Xu Li, Chuan Xia. Design of noble metal catalysts and reactors for the electrosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide [J]. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin., 2025, 41(10): 100112-.
[3]	Lina Guo, Ruizhe Li, Chuang Sun, Xiaoli Luo, Yiqiu Shi, Hong Yuan, Shuxin Ouyang, Tierui Zhang. Effect of Interlayer Anions in Layered Double Hydroxides on the Photothermocatalytic CO₂ Methanation of Derived Ni-Al₂O₃ Catalysts [J]. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin., 2025, 41(1): 100002-.
[4]	Ye Wang, Ruixiang Ge, Xiang Liu, Jing Li, Haohong Duan. An Anion Leaching Strategy towards Metal Oxyhydroxides Synthesis for Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Glycerol [J]. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin., 2024, 40(7): 2307019-.
[5]	Yixuan Wang, Canhui Zhang, Xingkun Wang, Jiarui Duan, Kecheng Tong, Shuixing Dai, Lei Chu, Minghua Huang. Engineering Carbon-Chainmail-Shell Coated Co₉Se₈ Nanoparticles as Efficient and Durable Catalysts in Seawater-Based Zn-Air Batteries [J]. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin., 2024, 40(6): 2305004-.
[6]	Zhaoyu Wen, Na Han, Yanguang Li. Recent Progress towards the Production of H₂O₂ by Electrochemical Two-Electron Oxygen Reduction Reaction [J]. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin., 2024, 40(2): 2304001-.
[7]	Yuehan Cao, Rui Guo, Minzhi Ma, Zeai Huang, Ying Zhou. Effects of Electron Density Variation of Active Sites in CO₂ Activation and Photoreduction: A Review [J]. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin., 2024, 40(1): 2303029-.
[8]	Fengyu Gao, Hengheng Liu, Xiaolong Yao, Zaharaddeen Sani, Xiaolong Tang, Ning Luo, Honghong Yi, Shunzheng Zhao, Qingjun Yu, Yuansong Zhou. Spherical Mn_xCo_3−xO_4−ƞ Spinel with Mn-Enriched Surface as High-Efficiency Catalysts for Low-Temperature Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO_x by NH₃ [J]. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin., 2023, 39(9): 2212003-0.
[9]	Yanhui Yu, Peng Rao, Suyang Feng, Min Chen, Peilin Deng, Jing Li, Zhengpei Miao, Zhenye Kang, Yijun Shen, Xinlong Tian. Atomic Co Clusters for Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction [J]. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin., 2023, 39(8): 2210039-0.
[10]	Chang Lan, Yuyi Chu, Shuo Wang, Changpeng Liu, Junjie Ge, Wei Xing. Research Progress of Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Cathode Nonnoble Metal M-N_x/C-Type Oxygen Reduction Catalysts [J]. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin., 2023, 39(8): 2210036-0.
[11]	Jingxue Li, Yue Yu, Siran Xu, Wenfu Yan, Shichun Mu, Jia-Nan Zhang. Function of Electron Spin Effect in Electrocatalysts [J]. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin., 2023, 39(12): 2302049-.
[12]	Jiashun Liang, Xuan Liu, Qing Li. Principles, Strategies, and Approaches for Designing Highly Durable Platinum-based Catalysts for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells [J]. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin., 2021, 37(9): 2010072-.
[13]	Zhengrong Li, Tao Shen, Yezhou Hu, Ke Chen, Yun Lu, Deli Wang. Progress on Ordered Intermetallic Electrocatalysts for Fuel Cells Application [J]. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin., 2021, 37(9): 2010029-.
[14]	Miaomiao Liu, Maomao Yang, XinXin Shu, Jintao Zhang. Design Strategies for Carbon-Based Electrocatalysts and Application to Oxygen Reduction in Fuel Cells [J]. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin., 2021, 37(9): 2007072-.
[15]	Hongsa Han, Yanqing Wang, Yunlong Zhang, Yuanyuan Cong, Jiaqi Qin, Rui Gao, Chunxiao Chai, Yujiang Song. Oxygen Reduction Reaction Electrocatalysts Derived from Metalloporphyrin-Modified Meso-/Macroporous Polyaniline [J]. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin., 2021, 37(9): 2008017-.

Transition Metal Oxides/Chalcogenides for Electrochemical Oxygen Reduction into Hydrogen Peroxides

RichHTML

Full text @ ScienceDirect

Like

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 11

References 117

Related Articles 15

Metrics

Recommended 0