水的气-液相转变获取电能研究进展

doi:10.3866/PKU.WHXB202306004

物理化学学报 >> 2023, Vol. 39 >> Issue (10): 2306004.doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202306004

所属专题：北大纳米化学研究中心30周年专刊

水的气-液相转变获取电能研究进展

邵长香¹^,², 曲良体³^,*()

¹ 山东第一医科大学(山东省医学科学院)化学与制药工程学院, 济南 250117
² 山东第一医科大学(山东省医学科学院)医学科技创新中心, 济南 250117
³ 清华大学化学系, 有机光电与分子工程教育部重点实验室, 北京 100084

收稿日期:2023-06-01 录用日期:2023-07-12 发布日期:2023-07-17
通讯作者: 曲良体 E-mail:lqu@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(22035005);国家自然科学基金(52073159);山东省自然科学基金(ZR2022QB227)

Progress on Power Generation from Gas-Liquid Phase Transformation of Water

Changxiang Shao¹^,², Liangti Qu³^,*()

¹ School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, China
² Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, China
³ Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

Received:2023-06-01 Accepted:2023-07-12 Published:2023-07-17
Contact: Liangti Qu E-mail:lqu@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn
Supported by:
the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22035005);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52073159);Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2022QB227)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

气态水和液态水自发相变过程中蕴含巨大能量，可通过新兴的湿气产电和蒸发产电两种水伏技术进行收集。湿气产电和蒸发产电具有来源广泛、高度自发、性能优异、绿色环保等优点，极大增强了从自然水循环中收集电能的能力。鉴于此，本文综述了湿气产电/蒸发产电的研究进展。通过分析固-液界面相互作用，对产电机制进行了讨论和综合评价。详细介绍了当前用于产电的纳米材料体系，并对器件结构和优化策略分别进行了总结。此外，概述产电器件在直接供能、自供电传感、电子元件等领域中的应用。最后，分析产电技术面临的主要挑战和未来方向，以期为高性能产电器件构建提供有价值的研究思路。

关键词: 固-液相互作用, 纳米材料, 湿气产电, 蒸发产电, 器件优化

Abstract:

Water, as one of the most abundant natural resources on Earth, possesses immense energy potential. Therefore, harnessing useful energy from water has always been a pursuit. With the rapid advancement of nanoscience and nanotechnology, emerging hydrovoltaic technologies have made it possible to extract electricity from various forms of water through nanomaterial-water interactions. Among these technologies, power generation through the gas-liquid phase transformation of water has garnered significant interest, particularly in the context of electricity generation induced by moisture adsorption and water evaporation. Several factors contribute to the importance of this approach. Firstly, water primarily exists on Earth in liquid and gaseous states. As integral components of the Earth's water cycle, the reversible processes of water vaporization and condensation, which involve the gas-liquid phase transformation, are less restricted by factors such as time, space, geographic location, and environment. Therefore, power generation enabled by moisture/evaporation holds promise as a solution to global energy challenges. Secondly, this method of electricity generation occurs spontaneously and requires minimal artificial assistance or intervention. Thirdly, significant advancements have been made in performance output, delivering sustained volt-level voltage and direct current, surpassing previously reported hydrovoltaic phenomena. Lastly, the electricity production process based on renewable water resources emits no greenhouse gases or pollutants. Given its abundant source, high spontaneity, excellent performance, and environmentally friendly nature, moisture/evaporation-induced electricity generation is expected to emerge as a disruptive future energy technology. In light of this, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the evolution and recent progress in electricity generation induced by moisture adsorption and water evaporation. It explores the underlying interaction mechanisms at the water-material interface and discusses various proposed power generation mechanisms, including ion concentration difference-induced diffusion, streaming potential, ionovoltaic effect, and pseudostreaming. Additionally, it introduces various nanomaterial systems, such as carbon-based materials, polymers, solid oxides, metal derivatives, non-metallic semiconductors, and biological membranes. The review also examines device structures and optimization strategies for further enhancement. Furthermore, it outlines the applications of power generators in direct energy supply, self-powered sensing, electronic components, and other fields. Finally, the review addresses the main challenges and future directions of this emerging technology, aiming to provide valuable research ideas for high-performance power generation devices.

Key words: Solid-liquid interaction, Nanomaterials, Moisture-enabled power generation, Evaporation-enabled power generation, Device optimization

邵长香, 曲良体. 水的气-液相转变获取电能研究进展[J]. 物理化学学报, 2023, 39(10), 2306004. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202306004

Changxiang Shao, Liangti Qu. Progress on Power Generation from Gas-Liquid Phase Transformation of Water[J]. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 2023, 39(10), 2306004. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202306004

链接本文: https://www.whxb.pku.edu.cn/CN/10.3866/PKU.WHXB202306004

https://www.whxb.pku.edu.cn/CN/Y2023/V39/I10/2306004

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水的气-液相转变获取电能研究进展

Progress on Power Generation from Gas-Liquid Phase Transformation of Water

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