物理化学学报 >> 2025, Vol. 41 >> Issue (5): 100044.doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2024.100044

所属专题: 能源与环境催化

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碳基催化剂催化有机液体氢载体脱氢研究进展

王雪杰1,†, 崔国庆1,†, 王淙恺1, 杨扬1, 姜桂元1,*(), 徐春明1,2,*()   

  1. 1 中国石油大学(北京)重质油全国重点实验室, 北京 102249
    2 物质绿色创造与制造海河实验室, 天津 300192
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-13 修回日期:2024-11-13 录用日期:2024-11-15 发布日期:2025-04-18
  • 通讯作者: Email: jianggy@cup.edu.cn (姜桂元)xcm@cup.edu.cn (徐春明)
  • 作者简介:

    †These authors contributed equally to this work.

  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划“纳米科技”重点专项课题(2020YFA0210903); 国家自然科学基金(22225807); 国家自然科学基金(22021004); 国家自然科学基金(22109177); 物质绿色创造与制造海河实验室资助(CYZC202309); 第九届中国科协青年人才托举工程(2023QNRC001); 碳中和联合研究院自主基金(CNIF20230211); 碳中和联合研究院自主基金(CNIF20230303); 碳中和联合研究院自主基金(CNIF20240102)

Research Progress on Carbon-based Catalysts for Catalytic Dehydrogenation of Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers

Xuejie Wang1, Guoqing Cui1, Congkai Wang1, Yang Yang1, Guiyuan Jiang1,*(), Chunming Xu1,2,*()   

  1. 1 State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
    2 Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
  • Received:2024-09-13 Revised:2024-11-13 Accepted:2024-11-15 Published:2025-04-18
  • Contact: Email: jianggy@cup.edu.cn (Guiyuan Jiang)xcm@cup.edu.cn (Chunming Xu)
  • Supported by:
    the National Key Research and Development Program(2020YFA0210903); the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22225807); the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22021004); the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22109177); Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations(CYZC202309); the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(2023QNRC001); the Carbon Neutrality Research Institute Fund(CNIF20230211); the Carbon Neutrality Research Institute Fund(CNIF20230303); the Carbon Neutrality Research Institute Fund(CNIF20240102)

摘要:

氢能是一种来源广泛、灵活高效的二次能源,同时也是一种重要的能源介质。目前,低成本、高密度的储氢技术被认为是制约氢能产业规模化发展的瓶颈。有机液体储氢具有质量储氢密度高、液体储运安全以及易于长距离运输等优势,受到研究者的广泛关注。然而,与发展相对成熟的加氢工艺相比,有机液体氢载体脱氢过程仍存在反应温度高、效率低等难题。解决上述问题的关键在于开发高效的脱氢催化剂。近年来,碳基催化剂因其具有活性组分高分散、碳载体组成结构及表面理化性质可调、导电导热性能优异等特点,在有机液体氢载体脱氢反应中表现出优异的反应性能。本文首先详细分析了以环己烷、甲基环己烷、十氢化萘、十二氢乙基咔唑等为代表的有机液体氢载体脱氢热力学、动力学及常用氢载体的理化性质,总结了活性炭、碳纳米管、碳纤维、还原氧化石墨烯等作为催化剂载体的独特优势,并从碳基催化剂结构特点、催化性能、构效关系及脱氢反应机理等方面进行归纳和分析。在此基础上,提出了有机液体储氢领域面临的主要挑战,展望了碳载体的改性及粉体成型、反应机理以及化工过程强化的研究是该领域未来发展的重要方向。

关键词: 有机液体氢载体, 催化脱氢, 碳基催化剂, 结构设计, 构效关系

Abstract:

Hydrogen energy is a widely available, flexible and efficient secondary energy source, and it is also an important energy medium. The development of low-cost, high-density hydrogen storage technology is a significant issue for the industrial application of hydrogen energy. Liquid organic hydrogen storage has attracted extensive attention due to advantages such as high mass hydrogen storage density, safe storage and transportation, as well as ease of long-distance transportation. However, compared with the relatively mature hydrogenation process, the dehydrogenation of liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs) still suffers from high reaction temperature and low efficiency. The key to solving these problems is the development of efficient dehydrogenation catalysts. In recent years, carbon-based catalysts have shown excellent reaction performance in the dehydrogenation of LOHCs due to their advantages of high dispersion of active components, tunable composition structure and surface physicochemical properties, and outstanding electrical and thermal conductivity, etc. In this review, we initially analyze the thermodynamics and kinetics of dehydrogenation, as well as the physicochemical properties of LOHCs, including cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, decalin, and perhydro-N-ethylcarbazole. The special features of carbon supports are then outlined in terms of the activated carbon, carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers, and reduced graphene oxide. In addition, the structural characteristics, catalytic performance, structure-property relationship, and dehydrogenation mechanism of carbon-supported metal catalysts are summarized and analyzed. Based on this, we point out the main challenges of liquid organic hydrogen storage. Furthermore, future opportunities in this field are envisioned, with an emphasis on the modification and structuration of carbon support, the study of catalytic mechanisms and chemical process intensification.

Key words: Liquid organic hydrogen carrier, Catalytic dehydrogenation, Carbon-based catalyst, Structural design, Structure-property relationship