3D-2D-1D混合微结构的ZIF-8@Fe3O4/GNs复合材料电磁波吸收性能优化研究

doi:10.1016/j.actphy.2026.100418

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 随着电磁污染的加剧，对具有厚度薄、质量轻、频带宽和强吸收特性的高性能微波吸收材料的需求日益迫切。本研究合理设计并合成了一种具有独特3D-2D-1D层级微结构的三元ZIF-8@Fe₃O₄/石墨纳米片(GNs)复合材料。与大多数报道的具有单一多面体结构的ZIF-8基吸收体不同，本工作通过调节Zn²⁺与2-甲基咪唑的摩尔比，实现了ZIF-8形貌在二维(2D)叶片纳米片和三维(3D)菱形十二面体之间的可控调节。此外，通过高温煅烧过程中还原金属颗粒的催化作用，在复合材料表面原位生长了一维(1D)短碳纳米管，构建了跨维度层级结构。优化后的复合材料表现出优异的电磁波吸收性能：在仅1.6mm的匹配厚度下，最大有效吸收带宽(EAB)达到5.12 GHz。CST数值模拟验证了该复合材料作为功能涂层应用时仍能保持令人满意的吸收性能。优异的吸收性能源于良好的阻抗匹配，以及3D-2D-1D层级结构所实现的多重极化机制、传导损耗和磁损耗的协同效应。这项工作为开发高性能ZIF基微波吸收材料提供了新的结构设计策略。

关键词: ZIF-8, GNs, 分级微观结构, 电磁波吸收, 阻抗匹配

Abstract: With the intensification of electromagnetic pollution, high-performance microwave absorbing materials featuring thin thickness, light weight, broad bandwidth and strong absorption are in urgent demand. In this work, a ternary ZIF-8@Fe₃O₄/graphite nanosheet (GNs) composite with a unique 3D-2D-1D hierarchical microstructure was rationally designed and synthesized. Different from most reported ZIF-8-based absorbers with a single polyhedral structure, this work realized controllable modulation of ZIF-8 morphology between two-dimensional (2D) leaf-like nanosheets and three-dimensional (3D) rhombic dodecahedra by tuning the molar ratio of Zn²⁺ to 2-methylimidazole. Furthermore, one-dimensional (1D) short carbon nanotubes were in-situ grown on the composite surface through the catalytic effect of reduced metal particles during high-temperature calcination, constructing a cross-dimensional hierarchical structure. The optimized composite exhibited excellent electromagnetic wave absorption performance: the maximum effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) reached 5.12 GHz at a matching thickness of only 1.6 mm. CST numerical simulations verified that the composite still maintained satisfactory absorption performance when applied as a functional coating. The superior absorption performance originates from good impedance matching, as well as the synergistic effect of multiple polarization mechanisms, conduction loss and magnetic loss enabled by the 3D-2D-1D hierarchical structure. This work provides a new structural design strategy for the development of high-performance ZIF-based microwave absorbing materials.

Key words: ZIF-8, GNs, Hierarchical microstructure, Electromagnetic wave absorption, Impedance matching

王洛涵, 邓涵红, 孙丽媛, 李海丰, 孙楠. 3D-2D-1D混合微结构的ZIF-8@Fe₃O₄/GNs复合材料电磁波吸收性能优化研究[J]. 物理化学学报 2026, (), 100418. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2026.100418

Luohan Wang, Hanhong Deng, Liyuan Sun, Haifeng Li, Nan Sun. Electromagnetic wave absorbing properties of ZIF-8@Fe₃O₄/GNs composites optimized by 3D-2D-1D microstructure[J]. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 2026, (), 100418. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2026.100418

链接本文: https://www.whxb.pku.edu.cn/CN/10.1016/j.actphy.2026.100418

https://www.whxb.pku.edu.cn/CN/Y2026/V/I/100418

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3D-2D-1D混合微结构的ZIF-8@Fe₃O₄/GNs复合材料电磁波吸收性能优化研究

Electromagnetic wave absorbing properties of ZIF-8@Fe₃O₄/GNs composites optimized by 3D-2D-1D microstructure

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