物理化学学报 >> 2018, Vol. 34 >> Issue (4): 348-360.doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB201708311

所属专题: 高被引科学家专刊

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核酸适体-纳米材料复合物用于癌症的诊断与靶向治疗研究进展

白华荣,范换换,张晓兵,陈卓,谭蔚泓*()   

  • 收稿日期:2017-07-10 发布日期:2018-01-02
  • 通讯作者: 谭蔚泓 E-mail:tan@chem.ufl.edu
  • 作者简介:谭蔚泓,中国科学院院士,发展中国家科学院院士,现任湖南大学化学化工学院教授,博士生导师,国家“千人计划”入选者,长江学者特聘教授,化学生物传感与计量学国家重点实验室主任。主要研究方向为生物分析化学、化学生物学、纳米生物技术和生物医学工程
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(21221003);国家自然科学基金(21327009)

Aptamer-Conjugated Nanomaterials for Specific Cancer Diagnosis and Targeted Therapy

Huarong BAI,Huanhuan FAN,Xiaobing ZHANG,Zhuo CHEN,Weihong TAN*()   

  • Received:2017-07-10 Published:2018-01-02
  • Contact: Weihong TAN E-mail:tan@chem.ufl.edu
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21221003);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21327009)

摘要:

因具有独特的光、电、磁、热等优异性能,纳米材料已被广泛应用于生物分析与生物医学领域。核酸适体是一类能够高亲和力和高特异性地与靶标结合的寡核苷酸序列。将核酸适体作为识别单元与纳米材料相结合,可以构建核酸适体-纳米材料复合物。近年来,在肿瘤靶向治疗方面,核酸适体-纳米材料复合物受到了人们的广泛关注。通过纳米材料与具有特异性识别能力的核酸适体的结合,核酸适体-纳米材料复合物可以为癌症治疗提供一种更有效的、低毒副作用的新策略。本文综述了核酸适体-纳米材料复合物作为药物输送载体在癌症的特异性识别与诊断及靶向治疗方面的应用。除此之外,本文还总结了核酸适体-纳米材料复合物与其他新兴技术的有效结合从而提高选择性和癌症治疗效率的相关研究进展。

关键词: 核酸适体, 纳米材料, 特异性识别, 癌症诊断, 靶向治疗

Abstract:

Owing to their unique optical, electronic, magnetic, and surface plasmon resonance properties, nanomaterials have attracted significant attention for potential bioanalysis and biomedical applications. Aptamers are single-stranded oligonucleotides, which are generated by a procedure termed as SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential Enrichment) and typically demonstrate high affinity and selectivity toward their target molecules. As a result of their unique characteristics, aptamers are promising recognition units that can be conjugated with nanomaterials for cancer cell imaging, diagnosis, and cancer therapy. By integrating the recognition abilities of aptamers with the properties of nanomaterials, aptamer-conjugated nanomaterials can serve as extraordinary tools for bioimaging and cancer therapy. Recently, aptamer-conjugated nanomaterials have attracted significant attention in the field of specific cancer cell targeted therapy owing to their improved efficacy and lower toxicity. In this review, we summarize the progress achieved of aptamer-conjugated nanomaterials as nanocarriers for specific cancer cell diagnosis and targeted therapy. In addition to drug delivery for cancer therapy, the various achievements of the aptamer-conjugated nanomaterials in combination with other emerging technologies to improve the efficiency and selectivity of cancer therapy have also been reviewed.

Key words: Aptamer, Nanomaterial, Specific recognition, Cancer diagnosis, Targeted therapy