多功能水性聚氨酯/MXene/CNTs复合泡沫的制备及其吸收-屏蔽可转换电磁性能研究

doi:10.1016/j.actphy.2026.100390

物理化学学报

多功能水性聚氨酯/MXene/CNTs复合泡沫的制备及其吸收-屏蔽可转换电磁性能研究

刘爽爽¹, 王景浩¹, 边正萧³, 王大双², 吴楠楠¹, 侯传信⁴, 解培涛⁵, 张如良¹, 田健¹

1 山东科技大学材料科学与工程学院, 国家重点实验室(露天煤矿防灾与生态保护), 山东省重点实验室(特种环氧树脂), 山东青岛 266590;
2 宁波方太厨具有限公司, 浙江宁波 315000;
3 湖北汽车工业学院汽车材料学院, 湖北十堰 442002;
4 烟台大学, 烟台市先进核燃料循环与核设备电磁环境安全重点实验室, 山东烟台 264005;
5 山东省超材料与电磁操控技术重点实验室, 山东济南 250061

收稿日期:2026-06-10 修回日期:2026-07-31
通讯作者: 吴楠楠, 侯传信, 田健 E-mail:skd996364@sdust.edu.cn;chuanxin210@ytu.edu.cn;jiantian@sdust.edu.cn

Engineering conductive networks in water-based polyurethane/MXene/CNTs foams with multiple functions and convertible electromagnetic performance from absorption to shielding

Shuangshuang Liu¹, Jinghao Wang¹, Zhengxiao Bian³, Dashuang Wang², Nannan Wu¹, Chuanxin Hou⁴, Peitao Xie⁵, Ruliang Zhang¹, Jian Tian¹

1 State Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Ecology Protection in Open-pit Coal Mines, Shandong Key Laboratory of Special Epoxy Resin, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, Shandong Province, China;
2 Ningbo Fotile Kitchen Ware Co., Ltd, Ningbo 315000, Zhejiang Province, China;
3 School of Automotive Materials, Hubei University of Automotive Technology, Shiyan 442002, Hubei Province, China;
4 Yantai Key Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Nuclear Equipment Electromagnetic Environment Safety, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, Shandong Province, China;
5 Shandong Key Laboratory of Metamaterial and Electromagnetic Manipulation Technology, Jinan 250061, Shandong Province, China

Received:2026-06-10 Revised:2026-07-31
Contact: Nannan Wu, Chuanxin Hou, Jian Tian E-mail:skd996364@sdust.edu.cn;chuanxin210@ytu.edu.cn;jiantian@sdust.edu.cn

1. ACTPHY-2026.100390 (00387)-SI.pdf(679KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在保持轻质特性的同时平衡电磁波吸收与电磁干扰屏蔽性能，仍是先进电磁防护材料面临的挑战。本文通过定向冷冻干燥策略，制备了一种可压缩多孔水性聚氨酯/碳纳米管/MXene/芳纶纳米纤维(WPU/CNTs/MXene/ANF，WCMA)复合泡沫材料，其中WPU和ANF构成柔性结构骨架，Ti₃C₂T_xMXene与羧基化CNTs作为协同导电填料。通过系统调控CNT负载量，实现了导电网络密度与阻抗匹配的协同调控，使电磁功能从微波吸收到电磁干扰屏蔽的可控转变。在低CNT含量下，WCMA1展现出优异的宽带电磁波吸收性能，最小反射损耗(RL_min)达-51.9 dB，最大有效吸收带宽(EAB)为6.24 GHz (覆盖7.44–11.6 GHz和12.08–14.16 GHz)，这源于多孔结构引发的多重电磁波散射、界面极化及表面官能团偶极极化的协同作用。随着CNT负载量增加，泡沫中构建了连续三维导电网络。因此，WCMA30在X波段(8.2–12.4 GHz)实现了59.48 dB的总电磁干扰(EMI)屏蔽效能(EMI SE)，屏蔽机制从吸收主导转变为反射-吸收协同。除可调电磁性能外，WCMA泡沫还集成了快速光热响应、高效隔热、红外隐身、优异阻燃性和疏水性等多重功能，赋予材料出色的热管理能力和环境适应性。本研究通过调控导电组分实现了电磁功能的可控切换，为构建轻质多功能电磁防护材料提供了新型设计策略。

关键词: EMI屏蔽, 微波吸收, MXene, 碳纳米管

Abstract: Balancing electromagnetic (EM) wave (EMW) absorption and interference (EMI) shielding performance while maintaining lightweight characteristics remains a challenge for advanced EM protective materials. Herein, a compressible porous water-based polyurethane/carbon nanotubes/MXene/aramid nanofibers (WPU/CNTs/MXene/ANF, WCMA) composite foams was fabricated via a directional freezedrying strategy, with WPU and ANF serving as the flexible structural framework, and Ti₃C₂T_x MXene combined with carboxylated CNTs as synergistic conductive fillers. By systematically tailoring the CNT loading, the synergistic regulation of conductive network density and impedance matching was achieved, enabling a controllable transition of EM functionality from microwave absorption to EMI shielding. At low CNT content, WCMA1 exhibited outstanding broadband EM wave absorption performance, with a minimum reflection loss (RL_min) of -51.9 dB and a maximum effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 6.24 GHz (7.44–11.6 GHz and 12.08–14.16 GHz), which originated from the synergy of porous structure-induced multiple EM wave scattering, interfacial polarization and dipole polarization from surface functional groups. With the increase of CNT loading, a continuous three-dimensional conductive network was constructed in the foams. Consequently, WCMA30 achieved a maximum total EMI shielding effectiveness (SE_T) of 59.48 dB in the X-band (8.2–12.4 GHz), accompanied by a shielding mechanism transition from absorptiondominant to reflection-absorption synergy. Beyond the tunable EM performance, the WCMA foams integrated multiple excellent functionalities including rapid photothermal response, efficient thermal insulation, infrared stealth, superior flame retardancy and hydrophobicity, endowing the materials with excellent thermal management capability and environmental adaptability. This work realizes the controllable switching of EM functions through the synergistic design of composition, which provides a novel design strategy for the construction of lightweight multifunctional EM protective materials.

Key words: EMI shielding, Microwave absorption, MXene, CNTs

刘爽爽, 王景浩, 边正萧, 王大双, 吴楠楠, 侯传信, 解培涛, 张如良, 田健. 多功能水性聚氨酯/MXene/CNTs复合泡沫的制备及其吸收-屏蔽可转换电磁性能研究[J]. 物理化学学报 2026, (), 100390. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2026.100390

Shuangshuang Liu, Jinghao Wang, Zhengxiao Bian, Dashuang Wang, Nannan Wu, Chuanxin Hou, Peitao Xie, Ruliang Zhang, Jian Tian. Engineering conductive networks in water-based polyurethane/MXene/CNTs foams with multiple functions and convertible electromagnetic performance from absorption to shielding[J]. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 2026, (), 100390. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2026.100390

链接本文: https://www.whxb.pku.edu.cn/CN/10.1016/j.actphy.2026.100390

https://www.whxb.pku.edu.cn/CN/Y2026/V/I/100390

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